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Neuropathology > Neuro High Yield > Flashcards

Neuro High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Red neurons

A

Necrotic neurons following ischemia, e.g. stroke

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2
Q

Cyclopia/cleft lip

A

Holoprosencephaly i.e. problem w/ ventral induction

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3
Q

Dark CSF + dark WM/light GM

A

FLAIR MRI

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4
Q

Prolonged F-wave

A

Prox slowing in anterior horn

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5
Q

Alpha-synuclein

A

Accumulates and forms Lewy bodies in PD

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6
Q

L’Hermitte’s sign, Dawson’s fingers, oligoclonal bands

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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7
Q

Cowdry-type inclusions

A

HSV encephalitis

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8
Q

Kernig/Brudzinski signs

A

Condordant leg/neck mvmt seen in meningitis

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9
Q

Pseudopalisading cells

A

Glioblastoma

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10
Q

Soap-bubbly/cystic appearance

A

HIV assoc Cryptococcus encephalopathy

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11
Q

Spongiform degeneration

A

CJD

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12
Q

Onion bulbs

A

Recurrent de/remyelination in CIDP

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13
Q

Heliotrope discoloration of upper eyelids

A

Dermatomyositis

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14
Q

Gower’s sign

A

Muscular dystrophy (how these babies push up to stand)

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15
Q

Hatchet face

A

Myotonic dystrophy

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16
Q

Sommers sector

A

Vulnerable area of hippocampus often affected in diffuse hypoxia

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17
Q

Anti GM1 ganglioside Ab

A

MMN

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18
Q

Multiple CNS lesions in time/space

A

Multiple sclerosis

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19
Q

Ragged red fibers

A

Increased mitochondria in myopathies

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20
Q

Diurnal variation of sx

A

Myasthenia gravis

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21
Q

Vision loss when bending over/papilloedema

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

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22
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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23
Q

Fried egg cell

A

Oligodenrocyte

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24
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

S/E of phenytoin

25
Q

SOD1 mutation

A

ALS (familial form, most are idiopathic)

26
Q

b-blocker vs b-interferon

A

Migraine prophylaxis vs. MS treatment

27
Q

Recent Campylobacter infxn

A

AMAN, AMSAN

28
Q

Homer-Wright rosettes

A

Medulloblastoma

29
Q

Psammoma bodies, whorls

A

Meningioma

30
Q

Baby w/ unusual odor

A

Inborn error of metabolism

31
Q

b1 deficiency

A

Loss of anterograde memory in Korsakoffs

32
Q

Low frequency hearing loss

A

Meniere’s disease

33
Q

Elevated ESR

A

Temporal arteritis

34
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamezapine

35
Q

Inducers

A

Carbamezapine, phenytoin, phenobarb

36
Q

Inhibitors

A

Valproic acid

37
Q

+ Hallpike Dix

A

Vertical nsystagmus away from lower ear, torsional toward

38
Q

+ Romberg

A

Central lesion causing nystagmus

39
Q

Coma w/ + pupillary light reflex

A

METABOLIC coma

40
Q

Decreased hypocretin

A

Narcolepsy

41
Q

Damage to area 44/45

A

Brocas aphasia, comprehension intact but speech poor

42
Q

Damage to area 22

A

Wernickes aphasia, fluent but makes no sense

43
Q

Colcichine

A

Gout drug that causes myo/neuro/cardiomyopathy

44
Q

Symmetric vs asymmetric neuropathy

A

Hereditary vs acquired

45
Q

SIADH

A

SE of carbamezapine/oxcarbazepine

46
Q

Thunderclap HA, worst HA of life

A

SAH

47
Q

Bunina bodies

A

ALS (eoisinophilic inclusions)

48
Q

Natalizumab

A

MS drug that can reactive latent JC virus  fatal PML

49
Q

Markedly high opening pressure (~200)

A

Bacterial meningitis

50
Q

Lesion at corticomedullary jxn

A

Met (or possible absecess, b/c also hemato spread)

51
Q

Imaging for SC trauma

A

CT for fracture, MRI for complications

52
Q

Disappearance of reflex grasp

A

6mo, at this point baby actually reaches for objects and grasps

53
Q

Internal capsule lesion

A

 true motor stroke, i.e. no sensory deficits, purely UMN sx

54
Q

Acute vs chronic SC transaction

A

Hyporeflexia vs hyperreflexia

55
Q

Duret hemorrhage

A

Bleeding in pons, seen in uncal herniation

56
Q

“Repeat” genetic diseases

A

Fragile X, Huntingtons, myotonic dystrophy

57
Q

Lacunar infarct

A

Chronic HTN

58
Q

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms

A

Assoc w/ ganglionic bleeds

59
Q

Bilateral limbic system lesion

A

Often due to trauma,  amniestic syndrome

Neuropathology (29 decks)

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