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first aid 2015 Teresa > NEURO: first aid 2015 pg 455-459 > Flashcards

NEURO: first aid 2015 pg 455-459 Flashcards

1
Q

what is athetosis? lesion in? seen in what?

A

writhing, snake-like movement

  • BG
  • Huntington
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2
Q

bilateral atrophy of caudate and putamen seen in which?

A

Huntington

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3
Q

what is dystonia?

A

substained, involuntary muscle contractions

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4
Q

treatment of essential tremor

A

BB, primidone

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5
Q

intentional tremor, lesion in what?

A

cerebellum

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6
Q

lists the tremor(s) alleviated by intentional movement

A

resting tremor and intentional tremor

essential is worsened with movement

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7
Q

myoclonus is common in which metabolic abnormalities

A

renal and liver failure

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8
Q

Patient with Hemiballismus. Lesion in which? ipsi or contralateral?

A

contralateral subthalamic nucleus

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9
Q

Hemiballismus caused by what kind of stroke?

A

lacunar

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10
Q

Lists symptoms of parkinson disease (5 of them)

A 
TRAPS
Parkinson TRAPS your body:
Tremor (pill-rolling tremor at rest)
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Akinesia (or bradykinesia)
Postural instability
Shuffling gait
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11
Q

(contralateral or ipsilateral) proprioceptive information from spinal cord travel to cerebellum through ____ ?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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12
Q

Input from (contralateral or ipsilateral) cortex to cerebellum through ____ ?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

output: Cerebellum to cortex through ____ ?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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14
Q

patient has damage to lateral lobes of cerebellum. what are the symptoms?

A

fall towards injured sides

xxx voluntary movement extremities xxx

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15
Q

Patient with truncal ataxia. which part of cerebellum

A

vermis, fastigial nuclei, or flocculonodular lobe

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16
Q
  1. bilateral motor deficits of axial and proximal limb mucles
  2. extremities
A
  1. midline structures

2. lateral lesions

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17
Q

List the deep nuclei in cerebellum

A

Don’t Eat Greasy Food

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigal

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18
Q

circardian rhythm which nucleus

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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19
Q

describe the pathway of melatonin release

A

SCN–> NE –> pineal gland –> Melatonin

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20
Q

Extraocular movements during REM sleep is due to activity of what?

A

PPRF

paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center

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21
Q

List the causes that decrease REM

A

alcohol, benzo, barbituates, norepi

22
Q

why does depression has total REM increased?

A

decreased NE

23
Q

when stage of sleep does bedwetting occur? and what other 2 patho occurs in that stage too?

A 
Stage N3 (Delta)
others: sleep walking, night terrors
24
Q

what are the difference between nightmares and night terrors?

A

nightmare in delta non REM

night terrors in REM (Thats why you remember)

25
Q

Treatment of night terrors

A

BDZ

26
Q

treatment of sleepwalking

A

BDZ

27
Q

treatment of sleep enuresis

A

oral desmopressin ADH analog

28
Q

Bruxism, which stage

A

“You grind your teeth like spindles and complexes in most amount of time”

  • Sleep spindles and K complexes.
  • which is stage N2 (45% = most amount of time)
29
Q

What happen in REM

  • eyes
  • motor
  • brain O2
  • pulse and BP
A

-eyes: REM
-motor: loss
-brain O2: increased
-pulse and BP: increased and variable
- sex arousal
-dream
“BRAIN ON BODY OFF”

30
Q

List the stages of sleep

A 
at night, BATS Drink Blood
Beta
Alpha
Theta
Sleep spindles and K complexes 
Delta
Beta
31
Q

where do you see Beta

A

eyes open and REM

32
Q

highest f, lowest A

A

B

33
Q

lowest f, highest A

A

Delta

slow and big

34
Q

T or F

Thalamus relay for all ascending sensory information

A

F

NOT olfaction

35
Q

VPL

input?

A

Spinothalamic and DC

to 1o ss cortex

36
Q

where does trigeminal and gustatory pathway go?

A

VPM

37
Q

LGN is for?

A

light

38
Q

MGN is for

A

Music
hearing
Superior olive + inferior colliculus of tectum –> MGN –> auditory cortex of temporal lobe

39
Q

Motor info to which part of thalamus

A

VL

40
Q

What part of thalamus is affected in W-Korsakoff?

A

Ant + Dorsomedial thalamus

41
Q

what’s the famous 5 F’s of limbic system

A

Feeding, fighting, fleeing, feeling, Sex

42
Q

T or F

olfaction is closely linked to limbic system

A

T

43
Q

You correct hyponatremia too quickly…what patho?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

44
Q

what about correct high to low too quickly?

A

cerebral edema/ herniation

45
Q

what is pseduobulbar palsy and give one example of syndrome associated with it

A

Pseudobulbar palsy is CN 9,10,11 affected but not their actual nuclei. Just their axons are demyelinated.
symptoms: head and neck muscle weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria

DDx: Bulbar palsy: nuclei of 9,10,11

46
Q

describe the NTs change in Huntington

A

Increased DA

Decreased GABA and Ach

47
Q

Huntington Genetics

A

AD Trinucleotide repeat on chr 4

48
Q

Huntington patients are usually misdiagnosed for what?

A

substance abuse

49
Q

Atrophy of which nucleus seen in Huntington

A

caudate and putamen

50
Q

Ex vacuo hydrocephalus is seen in Huntington why?

A

frontal horns of lateral ventricles. atrophy of striatum

51
Q

What is anticipation

A

Increased severity of disease in successive generation

CAG repeats = Caudate Ach GABA = all loss :(

first aid 2015 Teresa (9 decks)

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