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A&P > Neuro Exam study > Flashcards

Neuro Exam study Flashcards

1
Q

define: Ganglion

A

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

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2
Q

define: nerve

A

bundle of axon in the PNS

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3
Q

define: nerve plexus

A

network of nerves

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4
Q

define: funiculus

A

group of tracts in a specific area of the spinal cord

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5
Q

define: pathway

A

centers and tracts that connect the CNS with the body organs and systems

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6
Q

define: Gyri

A

a ridge or fold between 2 clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain

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7
Q

define: Sulci

A

A depression or groove in the cerebral cortex

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8
Q

define: Fissure

A

a groove, natural division, or deep furrow in the brain

a large sulci

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9
Q

define: tract

A

a collection of nerve fibers in the CNS

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10
Q

define: Nerve

A

a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS

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11
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#1
A

olfactory

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12
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
# 5
A

trigeminal

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13
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#6
A

Abducens

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14
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#12
A

Hypoglossal

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15
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#2
A

Optic

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16
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#3
A

Oculomotor

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17
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#10
A

Vagus

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18
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#4
A

Trochlear

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19
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#11
A

Accessory

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20
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#9
A

glossopharyngeal

21
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#7
A

Facial

22
Q 
Name the Cranial nerve based off its #
#8
A

Acoustic (vestibulocochlear)

23
Q

The central nervous system is the integrative and control center of the nervous system which includes the ____ and the _____.

A

Brain and spinal cord

24
Q

All other nerves that are not the CNS=?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

25
Q

of the PNS define:

Afferent system

A

(sensory neurons) carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli TOWARDS the CNS and brain

26
Q

what are the 2 different types of afferent fibers? and where are they located?

A

Afferent system:
somatic—> surface of the body
Visceral—> internal parts of the body

27
Q

of the PNS define:

Efferent system

A

(motor neurons) carry neural impulses AWAY from the CNS and towards muscles

28
Q

what are the 2 different types of efferent fibers? and where do they provide innervation?

A

Efferent system:
somatic—> to skeletal muscles
visceral—>to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (Autonomic nervous system)

29
Q

efferent visceral nerves can be categorized into 2 different groups.
define them:

A

Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Sympathetic: fight or flight

30
Q

Define: Schwann cells

A

cells in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons

31
Q

Define: Myelin

A

Sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

Define: Nodes of Ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath

33
Q

Define: Ogliodendrocytes

A

myelin production in CNS

34
Q

Define: Astrocytes

A

maintenance of blood brain barrier

35
Q

What are the 4 regions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

36
Q

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

A 
(contains cerebral cortex)
sensory processing
olfaction
language and communication
learning and memory
37
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordinates voluntary movements

38
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Myelinated axons (also called tracts)

39
Q

what is gray matter made up of?

A 
Cell bodies (dendrites and glia)
(unmyelinated axons)
40
Q

What comprises the Diencephalon (4)

A

Pineal gland
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland

41
Q

What is the function of the Pineal gland

A 
produces hormones (ex. Melatonin)
involved in the sleep cycle
42
Q

what is the function of the Thalamus

A

relay station

sensory/motor signals to cerebral cortex

43
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Control center of the endocrine system

44
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

secretes hormones into the blood stream

45
Q

What separates the hemispheres of the brain?

A

the longitudinal fissure

46
Q

what connects the hemispheres of the brain

A

the corpus collosum

47
Q

what is the function of the corpus callosum

A

enables communication between hemispheres of the brain

48
Q

What is the most common form of neuron

A

interneuron (95%)

A&P (7 decks)

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