Neuro Exam 1 Flashcards
Most common inflammatory myopathy in dogs, results in generalized weakness, stiff gait, muscle atrophy and if severe can result in aspiration pneumonia from megaesophagus. A) Masticatory muscle myositis B) Botulism C) Myasthenia gravis D) Tick paralysis E) Autoimmune polymyositis
E= correct- responds well to pred, may see hypergammaglobulinemia A= aka eosinophilic myositis, masticatory mm effected= responds well to pred B= end plate condition C= end plate condition D= neuropathy
A lesion in the left brainstem would show signs in the: A) Left side of the body B) Right side of the body C) Both sides D) IDK
A
if in left cortex= signs on right limbs
A dog that can bear weight on the limb, has no patellar reflex, and has an intact flexor withdrawal when lateral digit is stimulated but absent when the medial digit is stimulated has a lesion where? A) Sciatic nerve B) Femoral Nerve C) Caudal to L3 D) Any of the above
B
sensory branch of femoral n is responsible for patellar reflex and sensory to medial aspect of limb
An animal has begun to display signs of somnolence and has had difficulty maneuvering with the let side of its body. UMN signs are present only in the left fore and hind limbs. Cranial nerve reflexes are abnormal. Where is the lesion most likely located? A) Left spinal cord C1-C5 B) Right cortical cerebrum C) Left brainstem D) None of the above
c
Which of the following is false regarding limber tail?
A) tail is flaccid
B) the animal often has a history of prolonged cage rest after a hard work out the day before
C) the condition is permanent
D) all of the above are true
C= recover with rest and NSAIds
An animal displaying ataxia but hypertonic reflexes most likely has a lesion where? A) Spinal cord B) LMN C) brainstem or cortex D) None of the above
C
A 9 y/o dog presents with left hind limb knuckling with CP deficits in this leg. The neuro exam shows absence of perineal reflex on left side and no response to pain in this area. The patellar reflex is normal while the cranial tibial reflex is absent. The myelogram displayed the golf tee sign caudal to L7. Which of the following diagnoses fits the clinical signs and diagnostic test the best? A) FCE at L7 B) IVDD at L7 C) Osteosarcoma at L7/S1 D) Meningioma at L7/S1
D= intradural extramedullary tumors show this sign (meningiomas + MPNST)
A broad based stance, dysmetria (overreaching or underreaching), intention tremors present when the lesion is in the : A) Cerebellum B) Vestibular system C) Spinal cord lesions D) lesions in motor cortex
A
Which of the following is true regarding acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis?
A) Ascending LMN signs occur that may progress to tetraplegia
B) CN and continence is abnormal
C) Steroids are helpful in treatment
D) Supportive care is most important, resolves spontaneously
E) Due to degeneration of dorsal nerve roots
A + D are true
B is false= they are spared
C is false= steroids don’t help
E= ventral nerve roots
An animal is displaying UMN signs on the limbs of the left side and the owner reports changes in behavior and presence of seizures. The menace response is absent on the left along with an absent nasal aversion response although there was a reflex twitch of the nostril. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A) Lesion in spinal cord at C1-C5 B) Lesion in the left brainstem C) Right cerebral cortical lesion D) Left cerebral cortical lesion E) Lesion in the right brainstem
C
if it was a brainstem lesion, the cranial nerve reflexes would be abnormal
A dog displaying neuro signs in the hind limbs has an absent cranial tibial reflex but what seems like an overreactive patellar reflex. The flexor withdrawal test shows flexion of the hip but not of the hock. There is absence of the perineal reflex. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A) Lesion from T3-L3 B) Lesion from L4-S4 C) Lesion is caudal to L5 D) Lesion is in the brain
C
because the femoral nerve is intact, we know that the lesion must be caudal to L5 (the femoral nerve exits around L4,5)
An animal is able to walk normally on the hind limbs but is fecal and urinary incontinent. Which of the following is true?
A) The lesion is in T3-L3
B) The lesion is anywhere from T3-L7
C) The lesion is caudal to L7
D) The lesion is in the caudal spinal cord segment
C
D= tail dysfunction only
T/F: 50% of cats with myasthenia gravis have thymomas unlike dogs where incidence of a thymoma is much lower.
True
T/F: Tick paralysis can sometimes be classified as an end plate condition rather than a neuropathy.
True- can inhibit presynaptic Ach @ motor end plates//neuropathy= when toxin blocks conduction of impulses along distal portions of motor n.
How will the bladder be effected with a T3-L3 lesion?
A) UMN bladder
B) LMN bladder
C) Normal bladder
A UMN bladder= firm/easily palpable, difficult to express
An owner brings her dog in because she refuses to walk up the stairs any more. You observe that the pet takes short steps. Postural reactions are normal. You perform a flexor withdrawal reflex for each limb. The front limbs are normal while in the hind limbs, the patient flexes her joints and responds to pain but is unable to resist your pressure that you apply. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these cs? A) botulism B) Lesion at L3-S2 C) Cerebral cortical lesion D) myopathy
D
Which of the following is false regarding EIC in labs?
A) Occur more commonly in labs that hunt in cold conditions
B) Occurs after intense work, play, or excitement
C) Thought to be linked to a mutation in dynamin-1 protein
D) Can be treated with phenobarbital
E) Clinical signs include ataxia and rocking horse gait
A= no related to type of work or temperature
A lesion in the left brainstem will show UMN signs: A) In all 4 limbs B) In limbs on left side C) In limbs on right side D) none of the above
B
Sensory ataxia includes, crossing-over of limbs, scuffing toes while walking, and CP deficits. Which of the following is affected when this is present? A) Cerebellum B) Vestibular system C) Spinal cord lesions D) motor cortex
CD
aka conscious proprioception
Which of the following is characterized by weakness and persistent ventroflexion of the neck in cats? A) Myotonia congenita B) Feline hyperesthesia syndrome C) Hypokalemic myopathy D) Tetanus
C is correct= RMP is increased, m. contraction is more difficult (no neuro signs)
-A= sustained depolarization of m fibers, very stiff, hypertrophy of jaw/tongue= may not eat
B=seizure like activity or degenerative myelopathy
D= stiff, saw horse stance
