Neuro Exam 1 Flashcards
Name the enzyme required to produce Acetylcholine
ACh-T
Name the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine. Where is it found?
AcH-E, outside the post-synaptic cell
- cleaving agent
What is the biosynthetic pathway of epinephrine? Include the enzymes required at each step.
Tyrosine + Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) = L-Dopa
L-Dopa + Dopa-decarboxylase = Dopamine
Dopamine + Dopa-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) = Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine + Phentolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) = Epinephrine
What neuronal structure contains the most abundant amount of acetylcholine in the brain?
Basal Nucleus
What neuronal structure contains the most abundant amount of dopamine in the brain?
Mid-brain
What neuronal structure contains the most abundant amount of norepinephrine in the brain?
Brainstem
What are all the enzymes found in a neuron that releases norepinephrine?
TH, Dopa-decarboxylase, and DBH
While hyperpolarization and relative refractory period occur at the same time, how are they different? What is the range?
- hyperpolarization is when the membrane is (-)70 and below and refers to the slow closing channels aka the voltage-gated k channels. it can go up to (-)75 because K is outfluxing as the gates are closing so a lot more can go out.
- the relative refractory period is when it takes more EPSPs in order to fire an action potential
What does monoamine oxidase do in catecholamine neurons?
MOA is an enzyme that breaks down dopamine and has two types MOA-A and MOA-B.
What do monoamine oxidase inhibitors do in catecholamine neurons?
MOA inhibitors are mainly used when there isn’t enough dopamine and increase it. it can be used in parkinson’s treatment and as an antidepressant.
What does glutamate do to the postsynaptic cell? What does GABA do to the postsynaptic cell?
glutamine is excitatory because it binds to NA (positive) while GABA is inhibitory because it binds to K and CI (negative)
