Neuro Embryology

Question 1

Neural tube come from what? Is induced by what?

Answer 1

Neural plate, notochord

Question 2

Neural plate comes from what type of cells?

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

Somites adjacent to neural tube come from what type of cells?

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

3 early formations which become forebrain, midbrain, and hind brain (around 24 days development)?

Answer 4

Prosencephalon

Mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon

Question 5

Neural tube becomes:

Answer 5

Brain and spinal chord

Question 6

Neural crest becomes:

Answer 6

Sensory PNS and many non neuronal derivatives.

Question 7

Neural canal (inside the neural tube) becomes:

Answer 7

Ventricles of the brain, and central canal of the spinal chord

Question 8

Name 3 layers of neural tube:

Answer 8

Ependymal layer: lines neural canal

Mantal layer: middle layer where neurons and glial cells will develop

Marginal layer: outer layer where axons will travel

Question 9

Divides neural tube into alar and basal portions:

Answer 9

sulcus limitans

Question 10

Posterior horn cells, secondary sensory cells to brain come from the:

Answer 10

Alar plate

Question 11

Motor neurons in the anterior horn come from the:

Answer 11

Basal plate

Question 12

Dorsal root ganglia cells come from the:

Answer 12

Neural Crest cells

Question 13

Two types of cells in MARGINAL layer:

What do they do?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes (multiple axons per oligodendrocyte)
They do the myelinating as axons pass through the marginal layer ONLY in the neural tube

Astrocytes-take care of neurons, help form BBB

Question 14

What type of cells myelinate OUTSIDE the CNS? Where do they come from?

Answer 14

Schwanns cells, from neural crest

one or more schwann cell per axon

Question 15

What do you expect to see in a normal Babknski test in a baby? What does it mean?

Answer 15

Extension of toes. Myelination not complete.

If this happens in an adult it indicates myelin deficiency

Question 16

Forebrain (Prosencephalon) becomes what two secondary structrues?

Answer 16

Telencephalon

 - cerebral cortex
- corpus striatum
 - olfactory bulbs

Diencephalon

 - Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
 - Epithalamus
 - Subthalamus

Question 17

Telencephalon comes from what primary structure and becomes what three terminal structures?

Answer 17

Prosencephalon (Forebrain)

1. Cerebral cortex
2. Corpus striatum
3. Olfactory bulbs

Question 18

Diencephalon comes from what primary structure and becomes what tertiary structures (4)?

Answer 18

Prosencephalon

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus
4. Subthalamus

Question 19

Midbrain (Mesencephalon) becomes what secondary structure?

Answer 19

Mesencephalon

which becomes

1. Tectum
2. Tegmentum
3. Cerebral peduncles

Question 20

Hind brain (Rhombencephalon) becomes what secondary structures?

Answer 20

Metencephalon

• Pons
• Cerebellum

Myelencephalon

-medulla

Question 21

Metencephalon comes from ________ and becomes _______ and _______.

Answer 21

Rhombencephalon, Pons, Cerebellum

Question 22

Myelencephalon comes from ________ and becomes ______.

Answer 22

Rhombencephalon, Medulla

Question 23

Name the three developmental flexures from spinal cord to telencephalon:

Answer 23

Cervical, Pontine (opposite direction), Cephalic