Neuro Drugs Flashcards
Alpha Agonists
Epinephrine (a1) and Brimonidine (A2)
Causes vasoconstriction
Beta Blockers
Timolol, Betaxolol, Carteolol
Decreases aqueous humor synthesis
Opiods
Morphine, Fentanyl, codeine, Loperamide, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan, diphenoxylate, pentazocine
Acts on agonist opiod receptor. Opens K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels. Inhibits the realse of Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate
Cough suppresion (dextromethorphan). Opiods cause respiratory depression, miosis. Tolerance does not develop to miosis and constipation.
Pentazocine
K-opiod and U-opiod antagonist
Analgesia
Tramadol
Weak opiod agonist. Inhibits 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake
Works on multiple receptors. Tram it all. For chronic pain
EthoSUXimide
Epilepsy. For absence siezures.
Sux to have silent seizures.
Blocks thalamic t type calcium channels Ca2+
Benzodiazepines
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
- Midazolam
Target the GABAa receptors. This is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter so decreases excitability. For Status epilepticus
Phenobarbital
For simple, complex and tonic clonic seizures. increases GABAa action. Increases the cl- channel to stay open.
Phenytoin, Fosphenytoin
For simple, complex, tonic-clonic and status epilepticus.
Blocks Na+ channels
Carbamazepine
For simple, complex and tonic-clonic. Blocks Na+ channels. First line for trigeminal neuralgia.
Calcium channel blockers prolong the refractory periods of neurons thereby decreasing excitability.
Valproic acid
Simply, complex, tonic-clonic and absence. Increases Na+ channel inactivation. Increases GABA concentration.
Vigabatrin
Simple and complex. Increases GABA.
Gabapentin
Simple and complex. GABA analog
Topiramate
Simple, complex and tonic-clonic. Blocks Na+ channels and increases GABA
Lamotrigine
Can cause steven johnson syndrome. Blocks Na+ channel.
MAC
Minimal alveolar concentration
Desflutance, halothana, isoflurance, sevoflurance, N20
Inhaled anesthetics. Halothane can cause hepatotoxicity. Malignant hyperthermia caused by severe muscle contraction.inherited. Causes calcium release. Treat malignant hyperthermia with Dantrolene
Thiopental, Midazolam, Ketamine, Propofol, Opiods
Intravenous anesthetics.
Thiopental - high potency. Rapid into brain
Ketamine - Blocks NMDA receptors. PCP analog. Increases cardiovascular.
Propofol - rapid. Potentiates GABAa, Cl- channel. Milk of amnesia
Local anesthetics
Esters - procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine
Amides - Idocaine, mepivacine, bupivacine. Amides have 2 I’s
Blocks sodium channels
Dantrolene
Use to reverse malignant hyperthermia. Prevents the release o Ca2+
Parkinsons drugs - BALSA
Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Levodopa (with carbidopa) Selegiline (and COMT inhibitors), antimuscarinics
Dopamine agonists - Bromocriptine - Ergot
- Non ergot - Pramipexole, Ropinirole
Increases dopamine availability - Amantadine. Decreases dopamine uptake. Too much Amantadine can cause ataxia
Levodopa and carbidopa prevent the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine by inhibiting DOPA carboxylase
Entacapone and Tolcapone - prevent L-dopa degradation by inhibiting COMT
Selegiline - stops conversion of dopamine into DOPAC by inhibiting MAO-B
Benzotropine - antimuscarinic, to stop tremor. Park your benz.
Alzheimer Drugs
Memantine - NMDA receptor antagonist. Helps prevent excitotoxicity
Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine
Huntington disease drugs
Tetrabenazine and reserpine - inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter. Decreases Dopamine
Riluzole
Treatment for ALS. Decreases glutamate excitotoxicity
