Neuro Drugs

Question 1

Alpha Agonists

Epinephrine (a1) and Brimonidine (A2)

Answer 1

Causes vasoconstriction

Question 2

Beta Blockers

Timolol, Betaxolol, Carteolol

Answer 2

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis

Question 3

Opiods

Morphine, Fentanyl, codeine, Loperamide, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan, diphenoxylate, pentazocine

Answer 3

Acts on agonist opiod receptor. Opens K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels. Inhibits the realse of Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate

Cough suppresion (dextromethorphan). 
Opiods cause respiratory depression, miosis. Tolerance does not develop to miosis and constipation.

Question 4

Pentazocine

Answer 4

K-opiod and U-opiod antagonist

Analgesia

Question 5

Tramadol

Answer 5

Weak opiod agonist. Inhibits 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake

Works on multiple receptors. Tram it all. For chronic pain

Question 6

EthoSUXimide

Answer 6

Epilepsy. For absence siezures.
Sux to have silent seizures.
Blocks thalamic t type calcium channels Ca2+

Question 7

Benzodiazepines

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam

Answer 7

Target the GABAa receptors. This is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter so decreases excitability. For Status epilepticus

Question 8

Phenobarbital

Answer 8

For simple, complex and tonic clonic seizures. increases GABAa action. Increases the cl- channel to stay open.

Question 9

Phenytoin, Fosphenytoin

Answer 9

For simple, complex, tonic-clonic and status epilepticus.

Blocks Na+ channels

Question 10

Carbamazepine

Answer 10

For simple, complex and tonic-clonic. Blocks Na+ channels. First line for trigeminal neuralgia.

Calcium channel blockers prolong the refractory periods of neurons thereby decreasing excitability.

Question 11

Valproic acid

Answer 11

Simply, complex, tonic-clonic and absence. Increases Na+ channel inactivation. Increases GABA concentration.

Question 12

Vigabatrin

Answer 12

Simple and complex. Increases GABA.

Question 13

Gabapentin

Answer 13

Simple and complex. GABA analog

Question 14

Topiramate

Answer 14

Simple, complex and tonic-clonic. Blocks Na+ channels and increases GABA

Question 15

Lamotrigine

Answer 15

Can cause steven johnson syndrome. Blocks Na+ channel.

Question 16

MAC

Answer 16

Minimal alveolar concentration

Question 17

Desflutance, halothana, isoflurance, sevoflurance, N20

Answer 17

Inhaled anesthetics. Halothane can cause hepatotoxicity. Malignant hyperthermia caused by severe muscle contraction.inherited. Causes calcium release. Treat malignant hyperthermia with Dantrolene

Question 18

Thiopental, Midazolam, Ketamine, Propofol, Opiods

Answer 18

Intravenous anesthetics.
Thiopental - high potency. Rapid into brain
Ketamine - Blocks NMDA receptors. PCP analog. Increases cardiovascular.
Propofol - rapid. Potentiates GABAa, Cl- channel. Milk of amnesia

Question 19

Local anesthetics

Esters - procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine
Amides - Idocaine, mepivacine, bupivacine. Amides have 2 I’s

Answer 19

Blocks sodium channels

Question 20

Dantrolene

Answer 20

Use to reverse malignant hyperthermia. Prevents the release o Ca2+

Question 21

Parkinsons drugs - BALSA

Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Levodopa (with carbidopa) Selegiline (and COMT inhibitors), antimuscarinics

Answer 21

Dopamine agonists - Bromocriptine - Ergot
- Non ergot - Pramipexole, Ropinirole

Increases dopamine availability - Amantadine. Decreases dopamine uptake. Too much Amantadine can cause ataxia

Levodopa and carbidopa prevent the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine by inhibiting DOPA carboxylase

Entacapone and Tolcapone - prevent L-dopa degradation by inhibiting COMT

Selegiline - stops conversion of dopamine into DOPAC by inhibiting MAO-B

Benzotropine - antimuscarinic, to stop tremor. Park your benz.

Question 22

Alzheimer Drugs

Answer 22

Memantine - NMDA receptor antagonist. Helps prevent excitotoxicity

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine

Question 23

Huntington disease drugs

Answer 23

Tetrabenazine and reserpine - inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter. Decreases Dopamine

Question 24

Riluzole

Answer 24

Treatment for ALS. Decreases glutamate excitotoxicity

Question 25

Triptans - Sumatriptan

Answer 25

5-HT agonists. Inhibits trigeminal nerve activation.