Neuro Drugs Flashcards
What do you always monitor with antiseizure meds?
Plasma levels
Why do you have to monitor plasma levels when giving antiseizure drugs?
Identify toxicity
Monitors patient adherence
Guide for dosage adjustment
Determines cause of lost seizure control
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Disease- Used for- MOA- Adverse Effects- CNS (2) Skin (1) Cardio (2) Other (2) Drug interactions- Decreases (3) Admin-
Antiseizure Most widely used against tonic-clonic Selectively inhibits sodium channels Involuntary movement and cognitive impairment Rash Gingival Hyperplasia Teratogenic Cardiac dysrhythmias and hypotension Birth control, warfarin, glucocorticoids Administer with food
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) MOA- Used for- (3) Adverse effects- (2) Special admin-
Selective inhibition of sodium channels
Epilepsy, Bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia
Bone marrow suppression and teratogenic
Never take with grapefruit juice
Valproic Acid (Depakene, Depakote)
MOA-
Used for- Seizure type (2) other (2)
Adverse effects- (3)
Suppression of sodium channels
Partial and generalized seizures, bipolar disorder and migraine prevention
hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis and teratogenic
Phenobarbital Pros: (3) Cons: (2) Drug interactions: (2) Adverse effects- (2)
Effective and inexpensive and lowers seizures without sedation
can cause physical dependence and toxicity
lowers effects of warfrin and birth control
drowsiness and interferes with vitamin D and K
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) MOA- Used for- Adverse Effects- (2) Avoid-
blockage of sodium channels
partial seizures
Dizziness, drowsiness
driving
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Used for- (2)
MOA-
Adverse Reactions- (2)
Broad spectrum antiseizure and bipolar disorder
Blocks sodium and calcium channels
Life threatening rash and suicide risk
Gabapentin
used for-
Side effects- (6)
adjunct for partial seizures
somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, Nystagmus, peripheral edema
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Used for- (3)
Special- (1)
Adverse reaction- (1)
neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, partial seizures
regulated under Controlled Substance Act
Life threating angioedema
Levetiracetam
Used for-
Antiseizure
Topiramate
Used for- (2)
Broad-spectrum antiseizure and migraines
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Used for-
FIRST drug for status epilepticus
Diazepam (Valium)
Used for-
SECOND drug for status epilepticus
Riluzole Used for- Helps by- MOA- Adverse Effects- (8)
ALS
Slows progression and delays trach
asthenia, GI, Dizziness, vertigo, somnolence, decreased lung function, neutropenia, liver injury