Neuro Disorders Flashcards
What is diplopia
Double vision
What is hemiplagia
Weakness and lack of control down one side of the body
What is dysphagia
Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing
What is a TIA
Transient ischaemia attack
When brains blood supply is briefly interrupted
Effects last no longer than 24 hours from onset, or symptoms start to resolve within 1-20 mins
Symptoms of TIA
Upper extremity clumsiness
Weakness
Parasthesias, visual field cuts
What is concussion
Disruption of brain function without actual physical brain injury
Typically follows blow to head
Symptoms of concussion
Headache, nausea, dizziness, amnesias, disorientation, vertigo, photophobia
What is cerebral confusion
Bruising of brain tissue
Symptoms of cerebral contusion
Headache, variable loss of consciousness, potentially coma with hemiparesis
What is agnosia
Inability to interpret sensations/ recognise things
What is apraxia
Inability to perform particular purposive actions
What is aphasia
Inability or impaired ability to understand or produce speech
Agraphia
Inability to write
What is alexia
Inability to recognise or read written words
What infections of the CNS are there
Acute bacterial meningitis
Aetiology
What is acute bacterial meningitis
Acute inflammation and infection of the meninges
What is the most severe type of infections
Bacterial - such as strep
Signs and symptoms of acute bacterial meningitis
Headache, nausea, vomiting, seizure, photophobia, drowsiness, coma
Where is a brain abscess most common in
Cerebellum
Frontal or temporal lobes of cerebrum
What is the cause of a brain infection
Spread from some other nearby or distant infection
What is the spinal cord
Continuation of the brain stem
Lies in the vertebrae canal of the vertebral column
How long is the spinal cord, where does it start and end
45cm (1.5ft)
Starts at medulla oblongata, ends at lumbar oblongata
What do sensory nerves do
Carry impulses from outside the body, travel to spinal cord and travel upward to brain for interpretation
What is a disease of the peripheral nervous system called
Peripheral neuritis (peripheral neuropathy)
What is the Myelin sheath
Large axon on the PNS surrounded by myelin sheath
What does the Frontal lobe control
Motor
Problem solving
Speech production
‘Front is you. You control your mouth, your thoughts and your speech’
What does the parietal lobe do
Touch perception
Body orientation
‘Parietal is your parents. They touch to comfort you and carried you in their bodies’
What does the occipital lobe do
Sight
What does the cerebellum control
Balance and co-ordination
‘Balance = bellum’
What does the brain stem control
Involuntary responses
What does the temporal lobe control
Language
Hearing
Memory
‘Temporary memories. Language in France, hearing I love you, all memories’
How many cervical nerves are there
8.
C1-C8
How many thoracic nerves are there
12.
T1-T12
How many lumbar nerves are there
5.
L1-L5
How many sacral nerves are there
5
S1-S5
How many coccygeal nerves are there
1.
Coc 1
How to remember spinal nerves
Think of st Mary’s classes
8C, 12T, 5 losers, 5 saddos and 1 cock.
Where are Schwann cells located
Surround all nerve fibres in the peripheral nervous system
What cells are most common in CNS
Glial cells
How does cocaine affect CNS
Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters in the neuronal synapses.
Binds to dopamine, blocks normal recycling process, build up of dopamine
