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Pathophys-Derm > Neuro development > Flashcards

Neuro development Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

meningocele

A

sac with only meninges and CSF

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2
Q

Meningoencephalocele

A

sac with meninges + brain tissue

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3
Q

Meningohydroencephalocele

A

**most severe, meninges + brain tissue + part of lateral ventricle

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4
Q

By the ___ week of development, the dorsal midline ectoderm thickens to form the neural plate

A

3rd

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5
Q

The nervous system develops from week ___ to ___?

A

2 to 16

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6
Q

Blastomere =?

A

cells from first mitotic division, after the fertilized egg

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7
Q

What is the next step in development after the blastomere?

A

The morula (12-16 cells)

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8
Q

When does the morula start to migrate/ form inner and outer cell mass?

A

Day 5

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9
Q

When a cavity forms in the morula, it is called?

A

blastocyst

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10
Q

The “inner” cell mass becomes?

A

The embryo, sometimes called “embryoblasts”

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11
Q

What does the “outer” mass become?

A

becomes the placenta, the cells are called “trophoblasts”

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12
Q

What are the two types of trophoblasts?

A

“synchiotrophoblasts” which go deeper into the uterine wall and “cytotrophoblasts” which cover the embryo and stick out into the uterine cavity.

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13
Q

Which is last to develop, ecto, endo or mesoderm?

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

What does the “ectoderm” form?

A

sensory organs, epidermis, nervous system

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15
Q

What does the “mesoderm” form?

A

Dermis, muscles, skeleton, urogenital systems, circulatory system

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16
Q

What does the “endoderm” form?

A

GI system, Liver, Pancreas, Respiratory system

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17
Q

When does “neurulation” happen? (at which stage)

A

In the Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)

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18
Q

Define primary and secondary neurulation

A

Primary: infolding of neural plate, Secondary: sacral and coccygeal formation

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19
Q

Somites and the Notochord come from which embryonic layer?

A

Mesoderm

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20
Q

When does the superior neuropore close?

A

Day 27

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21
Q

When does the inferior neuropore close?

A

Day 30

22
Q

The marginal layer of the ectoderm becomes the?

A

White matter

23
Q

The mantle layer of the ectoderm becomes the?

A

Grey matter

24
Q

What represents dermatomal development of a fetus?

A

Somites

25
Q

What cells eventually make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Neural crest cells

26
Q

Immature astrocytes are ? What is their function?

A

Radial glial cells, they direct the neuroblasts to the proper area of the brain by releasing cytokines

27
Q

Function of the notochord?

A

Defines long axis, orients vertebrae, eventually becomes the nucleus pulposus of the vertebral bodies

28
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal horn?

A

The alar plate

29
Q

What is the origin of the ventral horn?

A

The basal plate

30
Q

What are the 3 regions formed from the somites?

A

Dermatome (becomes dermis/sensory), Sclerotome (bone development) and myotome (muscle dev.)

31
Q

What do the neural crest cells produce?

A

posterior root ganglia, sensory:CN, autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, pancreatic islets

32
Q

What is ‘Colchicine’?

A

A medication used for Gout (it increases uric acid secretion in the kidneys) but it blocks microtubules (therefore blocking neurological development) so it SHOULD NOT be given to women of child-bearing age.

33
Q

When does myelination begin? When is it finished?

A

Begins: in 4th month of gestation
Ends: by age 3

34
Q

Corticospinal tracts are myelinated by what age?

A

2 years

35
Q

Cortical assoc. fibers are myelinated by what age?

A

3 years

36
Q

What is “polyneuronal development”?

A

Embryonically we have a lot more cells than we actually need, polyneuronal development is referring to the cell maturation process and how >50% wil die in this process

37
Q

When will polyneuronal development//maturation be complete?

A

By week 25

38
Q

When a fetus is born with cyclopia or other severe facial deficits, what could they have?

A

Holoprosencephaly

39
Q

What does “lissencephaly” mean?

A

term used when no gyri are present

40
Q

Possible causes of Holoprosencephaly?

A

Sporadic, maternal DM, or underlying chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 13.

41
Q

Explain what Arnold Chiari is

A

when the inferior cerebellum and medulla protrude through the foramen magnum

42
Q

What are the possible manifestations of Arnold Chiari?

A

Asymptomatic, CN deficits (usually lower), cerebellar deficits, hydrocephalus, and migraine headaches

43
Q

Is spina bifida occulta assoc. with folic acid deficiency?

A

NO!

44
Q

Spina Bifida-meningocele usually results in? Is it corrected surgically?

A

usually no deficits, yes surgically corrected

45
Q

What is spina bifida occulta due to?

A

failure of the dorsal vertebrae to close

46
Q

Does spina bifida meningomyelocele result in deficits?

A

Yes, always

47
Q

What is called when there is spina bifida and part of the cord is outside the body with no overlying skin?

A

Myeloschisis

48
Q

Meningocele = ?

A

sac with only meninges and CSF

49
Q

Meningoencephalocele = ?

A

meninges + brain tissue

50
Q

Meningohydroencephalocele = ?

A

most severe, meninges + brain tissue + part of lateral ventricle

Pathophys-Derm (3 decks)

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