Neuro Anatomy

Question 1

White Matter

Answer 1

Myelinated nerve fibers. Located centrally IN BRAIN and on outside of spinal cord.
-Transverse fibers, projection fibers, association fibers

Question 2

Basal ganglia: name the circuits that exist in the BG

Answer 2

Oculomotor circuit, motor loop, limbic circuit

Question 3

What is the function of the oculomotor circuit in the BG?

Answer 3

saccadic eye movements

Question 4

What is the function of the motor loop of the BG?

Answer 4

motor set (prep for movement) and anticipatory movement

Question 5

What is the function of the limbic circuit in the BG?

Answer 5

executive functions, problem solving, motivation, and procedural learning

Question 6

Functions of the Thalamus:

Answer 6

sensory from body, face, eye, ear, tongue (but NOT smell)

Question 7

Functions of hypothalamus:

Answer 7

maintain homeostasis: body temp, eating, water balance, sexual behavior, emotion

Question 8

Parts of the Brainstem:

Answer 8

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongota

Question 9

Functions of epithalamus:

Answer 9

smell, secrete hormones that influence sleep cycle

Question 10

Functions of midbrain:

Answer 10

coordination, motor control and muscle tone, visual reflexes, hearing and auditory reflexes, suppresses pain

Question 11

Functions of pons:

Answer 11

• connects medulla to midbrain
• modulate pain and control arousal
• Cranial nerve nuclei: abducens, trigeminal, facial, vesitbulocochlear

Question 12

Functions of medulla oblongata:

Answer 12

• connects spinal cord with pons
• control of head movements and gaze stabilization (vestibular ocular reflex)
• voluntary movement control
• cranial nerve nuclei: hypoglossal, dorsal nucleus of vagus and vesitbilocochlear
• respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers

Question 13

Cranial Nerves: Name them

Answer 13

Olfactory (Some), Optic (Say), Oculomotor (Marry), Trochlear (Money), Trigeminal (But), Abducens (My), Facial (Brother), Vestibulocochlear (Says), Glossopharyngeal (Big), Vagus (Brains), Accessory (Matter), Hypoglossal (More)

Question 14

Functions of Cerebellum:

Answer 14

• regulate muscle tone
• posture
• voluntary movement control
• coordination of movements (accurate force, direction, extent of movement)
• motor learning
• maybe cognitive function and mental imagery

Question 15

Gray Matter

Answer 15

Located centrally in spinal cord

• anterior horns give rise to = motor neurons
• posterior= sensory

Question 16

Tract: Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal

Answer 16

proprioception, vibration, tactile discrimination

Question 17

Spinothalamic Tract

Answer 17

pain and temperature, crude touch

Question 18

Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 18

proprioception from muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, touch and pressure receptors to cerebellum for control of voluntary movements

Question 19

Spinoreticular tract

Answer 19

deep and chronic pain

Question 20

Corticospinal tract

Answer 20

from primary motor cortex, voluntary movement control

Question 21

Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 21

control muscle tone, antigravity muscles, and posture reflexes

Question 22

Rubrospinal tract

Answer 22

motor function

Question 23

Reticulospinal system

Answer 23

transmit pain sensation and influences spinal reflexes

Question 24

Tectospinal tract

Answer 24

head-turning responses to visual stimuli

Question 25

Afferent versus efferent nerve fibers

Answer 25

Afferent= going to the spinal cord (away from organ)
Efferent= going to the organ and away from the spinal cord

Question 26

Sympathetic NS

Answer 26

• T1 to L2

- fight or flight

Question 27

Parasympathetic

Answer 27

Conserves and restores homeostasis

- craniosacral division, CN 3, 7, 9, 10, pelvic nerves