Neuro Anatomy 1 pages1-10 Flashcards
what is a group of nerve cell bodies in the CNS? in the PNS? what is a group of axons in the CNS? in the PNS?
nucleus
ganglion
tract
nerve
what CNs do not arise from the brainstem?
1, 2, 11
What CNs arise from the midbrain?
3 and 4
What CNs arise from the PONS?
5, 6, 7, 8
What CNs arise from medulla?
9, 10, 12
damage to a region of the cerebral cortex can resulin what 2 things?
loss of function (deficit)
hyperactive (seizure)
Look at the components of the mental status exam?
Orientation, Memory Attention-working memory Judgement-abstract reasoning Receptive language Expressive language Praxis Gnosis Dominant parietal lobe function Non-dominant parietal lobe function Visual recognition
dorso lateral prefrontal lesions result in what?
poor abstract thought and impairment of executive function as well as working memory
Orbitofrontal lesions result in what?
apathy/disinterest, emotional lability and disinhibition
bilateral temporal lobe lesions result in what?
cortical deafness
bilateral medial temporal love hippocampal lesions result in what?
memory and learning deficits
Lesion of the inferior fibers of the optic radiation results in a ?
contralateral superior quadrantanopsia
unilateral lesion of occipital lobe results in ?
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (maybe macral sparing)
a lesion of the parietal lobe results in what?
graphesthesia astereognosis loss of 2 point discrimination hemneglect anosagnosis apraxia
astereognosias is what?
Astereognosis (or tactile agnosia if only one hand is affected) is the inability to identify an object by active touch of the hands without other sensory input
hemineglect is what?
recognition defect which manifests as denial or unaware of deficits
what is anosagnosia?
unaware of deficits- denying their stroke
what is apraxia
loss of ability to perform a previously learned activity with intact motor function
What cortex function to manipulate factual knowledge of the world, abstract thought, plan and sequence?
dorsolateral prefrontal cortices
What cortex deal primarily wiht emotionally laden information necessary to guide us in the social world- gut decision making?
medial-orbitofrontal cortex
leads to disinhibited behavior or apathy
what is a medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal might miss out on motor and sensory deficits…what could be mistaken for?
psychiatric illness
what is the fissure of temporal lobe called?
perisylvian
lesion outside the perisylvian area spares what?
repetition- transcortical aphasia
what type of aphasia has non localizing, has good comprehension, good fluency, and good repetition?
anomia
what does reticular activating system function as? bilateral lesion?
- wakefulness and consciousness
- coma
Extensive bilateral cerebral hemisphere damage results in what breathing?
cheyne-stokes- breathing with periods of crescendo-decrescendo breathing, separated by periods of apnea
What type of breathing results from midbrain lesions?
rapid central neurogenic hyperventilation
what type of breathing does pons result in?
periodic central apneas
lesions of the medulla result in that type of breathing
chatic ataxic breathing
