Neuro Abnormalities

Question 1

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 1

a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by a combination of inflammation and degeneration of the myelin of the brain’s white matter

Question 2

Patho of MS

Answer 2

previous infective agent

Question 3

Lesions in MS occur in?

Answer 3

white and gray matter

Question 4

Reflexes in MS

Answer 4

hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Question 5

petechiae and purpura may indicate

Answer 5

meningococcal meningitis

Question 6

The incidence of primary brain tumors increased until about age

Answer 6

70

Question 7

Internal Carotid Artery:

Answer 7

unilateral blindness; severe contralateral hemiplegia and hemianesthesia; profound aphasia

Question 8

Middle cerebral artery:

Answer 8

alterations in communication, cognition, mobility and sensations; contralateral homonymous hemianopia; contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis; greater in face and arm than leg

Question 9

Anterior Cerebral artery

Answer 9

emotional lability; confusion, amensia, personality changes; urinary incontinence; contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis; greater in lower than upper extremities

Question 10

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer 10

hemianesthesia; contralateral hemiplegia; greater in face and upper extremities; cerebellar ataxia; tremor; visual loss–homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness; receptive aphasia; memory deficits

Question 11

vertebral or basilar artery: incomplete

Answer 11

unilateral or bilateral weakness of extremities; UMN weakness involving face, tongue, and throat; loss of vibratory sense; two-point discrimination and position sense; diplopia, homonymous hemianopia; nausea, vertigo, tinnitus, syncope, dysphagia, dysarthria, confusion drowsiness

Question 12

anterior portion of pons

Answer 12

locked-in syndrome

Question 13

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 13

Wallenberg syndrome; ipsilateral anesthesia of face and cornea for pain and temp (touch preserved); ipsilateral horner syndrome; contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation in trunk and extremities; ipsilateral decompensation of movement

Question 14

anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries

Answer 14

difficulty in articulation, swallowing, no gross movements of limbs, nystagmus

Question 15

anterior spinal artery

Answer 15

flaccid paralysis, below level of lesion; loss of pain, touch, temp

Question 16

posterior spinal artery

Answer 16

sensory loss, particularly proprioception, vibration, touch, and pressure (movement preserved)

Question 17

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 17

autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junction involved with muscle activation; autoantibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction

Question 18

CM of myasthenia gravis

Answer 18

ptosis, double vision, difficulty swallowing, fatigue/weakness, can’t work with arms overhead, difficulty walking (facial weakness when puffing out cheeks; hypophonia)

Question 19

MG eye manifestations

Answer 19

ptosis develops within 2 minutes of upward gaze

Question 20

Guillian-Barre

Answer 20

a post-infectious disorder of nonsepcific GI or respiratory infection that causes an acute neuromuscular paralysis

Question 21

LP of Guillian Barre

Answer 21

shows increased protein

Question 22

trigeminal neuralgia often caused by compression

Answer 22

of fifth cranial nerve

Question 23

bell palsy

Answer 23

an acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that may have partial or complete resolution

Question 24

Pathology of bell palsy

Answer 24

may be an inflammatory reaction that compresses the facial nerve, such as a herpes simplex or herpes zoster viral infection reactivation

Question 25

cerebral palsy

Answer 25

a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture development associated with nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain

Question 26

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 26

a syndrome simulating degenerative disease that is caused by noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Question 27

first symptom of NPH?

Answer 27

gait impairment

Question 28

what’s lacking in NPH?

Answer 28

tremor

Question 29

postpolio syndrome

Answer 29

reappearance of neurologic signs 10 or more years after an acute poliomyelitis infection