Neuro Abnormalities Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis
a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by a combination of inflammation and degeneration of the myelin of the brain’s white matter
Patho of MS
previous infective agent
Lesions in MS occur in?
white and gray matter
Reflexes in MS
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
petechiae and purpura may indicate
meningococcal meningitis
The incidence of primary brain tumors increased until about age
70
Internal Carotid Artery:
unilateral blindness; severe contralateral hemiplegia and hemianesthesia; profound aphasia
Middle cerebral artery:
alterations in communication, cognition, mobility and sensations; contralateral homonymous hemianopia; contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis; greater in face and arm than leg
Anterior Cerebral artery
emotional lability; confusion, amensia, personality changes; urinary incontinence; contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis; greater in lower than upper extremities
Posterior cerebral artery
hemianesthesia; contralateral hemiplegia; greater in face and upper extremities; cerebellar ataxia; tremor; visual loss–homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness; receptive aphasia; memory deficits
vertebral or basilar artery: incomplete
unilateral or bilateral weakness of extremities; UMN weakness involving face, tongue, and throat; loss of vibratory sense; two-point discrimination and position sense; diplopia, homonymous hemianopia; nausea, vertigo, tinnitus, syncope, dysphagia, dysarthria, confusion drowsiness
anterior portion of pons
locked-in syndrome
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Wallenberg syndrome; ipsilateral anesthesia of face and cornea for pain and temp (touch preserved); ipsilateral horner syndrome; contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation in trunk and extremities; ipsilateral decompensation of movement
anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries
difficulty in articulation, swallowing, no gross movements of limbs, nystagmus
anterior spinal artery
flaccid paralysis, below level of lesion; loss of pain, touch, temp
posterior spinal artery
sensory loss, particularly proprioception, vibration, touch, and pressure (movement preserved)
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junction involved with muscle activation; autoantibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction
CM of myasthenia gravis
ptosis, double vision, difficulty swallowing, fatigue/weakness, can’t work with arms overhead, difficulty walking (facial weakness when puffing out cheeks; hypophonia)
MG eye manifestations
ptosis develops within 2 minutes of upward gaze
Guillian-Barre
a post-infectious disorder of nonsepcific GI or respiratory infection that causes an acute neuromuscular paralysis
LP of Guillian Barre
shows increased protein
trigeminal neuralgia often caused by compression
of fifth cranial nerve
bell palsy
an acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that may have partial or complete resolution
Pathology of bell palsy
may be an inflammatory reaction that compresses the facial nerve, such as a herpes simplex or herpes zoster viral infection reactivation
cerebral palsy
a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture development associated with nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain
normal pressure hydrocephalus
a syndrome simulating degenerative disease that is caused by noncommunicating hydrocephalus
first symptom of NPH?
gait impairment
what’s lacking in NPH?
tremor
postpolio syndrome
reappearance of neurologic signs 10 or more years after an acute poliomyelitis infection
