neuro Flashcards
What is cerebral palsy also associated with?
epilepsy, speech problems, issues with vision and cognitive dysfunction.
What is cerebral palsy characterized by?
abnormal muscle tone and coordination.
causes of cerebral palsy?
clotting disorder malformation in the brain vascular occlusion laminar degeneration effects of low birth weight anoxia or hypoxic infarction hemorrhage
PERINATAL ISCHEMIC STROKE
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
types of cerebral palsy
- spastic : muscles stiff and movements jerky.increased muscle tone
- dyskinetic: involuntary movement
- ataxia: wide based gait
- mixed: combo of spastic and dyskinetic
infants <6 Mts who show sign of risks for cerebral palsy?
head lag under age 6 months
baby feel stiff when u pick them up?
when cradled in arms do they overextend neck and push back?
infants >6 Mts who show signs of risks for cerebral palsy?
-do they roll over? they should
-if they can’t bring their hands together
-do they reach out with one hand and the other fisted?
-hands in mouth difficulty?
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infants older than 10 months who show signs of risksfor cerebral palsy?
if they can’t crawl and they drag
scooting on butt
neuroimaging used for diagnosis.
clinical manifestations for cerebral palsy?
delayed gross motor development abnormal motor performance alterations in muscle tone abnormal postures reflex abnormalities associated disabilities poor head control after 3 months *** stiff rigid arms or legs, arching of the back, floppy body posture can't sit without help at 8 months by 3 months if hands remain clenched leg scissoring would be a sign extreme irritability
Therapeutic management for cerebral palsy?
- ankle foot brace
- ortho surgery
- pharmacologic agents
- botullinum toxin A injections BOTOX
- dental hygiene
- physical occupational therapy
med administration for cerebral palsy?
through g tube if jaw is compromised, if not hold jaw with middle finger of non dominant hand
go read neural tube defects in the book. that shit was too long to write.
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Diagnostics for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
prenatal dx is possible as early as 12 weeks thru PCR.
confirmation of diagnosis by electromyography EMG, muscle biopsy, fatty fibrous tissue, and positive family history.
clinical manifestations of duchenne muscular dystrophy?
delayed walking, tired easily, can’t run, waddling, falls, Gower sign, lordosis, muscular atrophy, obesity, dystrophin deficiency.
Therapeutic management for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
make sure they are getting pneumococcal and influenza vaccine because they’re at risk for respiratory infections.
maintain vital lung capacity
keep child as active as possible.
what is Guillain-barre syndrome?
acute demyelinating polyneuropathy with progressive flaccid paralysis.
How is Guillain-barre syndrome acquired?
acute peripheral weakness that occurs after 10 days after a viral infection. sometimes happens after vaccines like the influenza vaccine.
then they get paralyzed
usually if someone dies from Guillain barre syndrome, how do they do?
difficulty breathing.
what is Guillain barre syndrome associated with?
measles, mumps, gastroenteritis, epstein bar virus, h. pylori, and Lyme disease.
clinical manifestations of Guillain Barre Syndrome?
very fast onset flu like symptoms muscle tenderness sore throat paresthesia weakness progresses to paralysis urinary incontinence or retention and constipation
recovery usually begins 2-3 weeks after the progression stops.
therapeutic management along with meds for Guillain barre syndrome?
IV steroids, iv immune globulin, plasmapheresis
hospitalized during acute for their respiratory problems, most get better after 7 weeks.
phases of Guillain barre syndrome?
acute: when symptoms begin until new symptoms stop appearing
plateau: symptoms remain constant without deterioration and may last from several days
recovery: patient begins to improve and progress on to their optimal recovery period.
Care management for Guillain barre syndrome?
supportive care
may require NPO status, NG/G tube feeding
maintain an open airway with suctioning
monitor O2
common to have urinary retention so have urinary catherization.
physical therapy. passive ROM in acute phase.
Physical features associated with Downs Syndrome?
separated saggiata sutures, short head [brachycephaly], flat occiput, inner epicanthical folds of the eye, speckling of the iris, small nose with the depressed nasal bridge, small ears, delayed eruption of teeth, excess neck skin folds, rounded protruding abdomen, stubby fingers, short stature. dry cracked fissuring of the skin and mottling of the skin.
predisposition for constipation
eyes: white dots ringing the iris.
what are downs syndrome at risk for?
strabismus, leukemia, cardiac defects, obesity, respiratory infections, hearing and vision losses and hypothyroidism, decreased respiratory expansion.
