neuro

Question 1

What is cerebral palsy also associated with?

Answer 1

epilepsy, speech problems, issues with vision and cognitive dysfunction.

Question 2

What is cerebral palsy characterized by?

Answer 2

abnormal muscle tone and coordination.

Question 3

causes of cerebral palsy?

Answer 3

clotting disorder
malformation in the brain
vascular occlusion
laminar degeneration
effects of low birth weight
anoxia or hypoxic infarction
hemorrhage

PERINATAL ISCHEMIC STROKE
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Question 4

types of cerebral palsy

Answer 4

• spastic : muscles stiff and movements jerky.increased muscle tone
• dyskinetic: involuntary movement
• ataxia: wide based gait
• mixed: combo of spastic and dyskinetic

Question 5

infants <6 Mts who show sign of risks for cerebral palsy?

Answer 5

head lag under age 6 months
baby feel stiff when u pick them up?
when cradled in arms do they overextend neck and push back?

Question 6

infants >6 Mts who show signs of risks for cerebral palsy?

Answer 6

-do they roll over? they should
-if they can’t bring their hands together
-do they reach out with one hand and the other fisted?
-hands in mouth difficulty?
-

Question 7

infants older than 10 months who show signs of risksfor cerebral palsy?

Answer 7

if they can’t crawl and they drag

scooting on butt

neuroimaging used for diagnosis.

Question 8

clinical manifestations for cerebral palsy?

Answer 8

delayed gross motor development
abnormal motor performance
alterations in muscle tone
abnormal postures
reflex abnormalities
associated disabilities
poor head control after 3 months ***
stiff rigid arms or legs, arching of the back, floppy body posture
can't sit without help at 8 months
by 3 months if hands remain clenched
leg scissoring would be a sign
extreme irritability

Question 9

Therapeutic management for cerebral palsy?

Answer 9

• ankle foot brace
• ortho surgery
• pharmacologic agents
• botullinum toxin A injections BOTOX
• dental hygiene
• physical occupational therapy

Question 10

med administration for cerebral palsy?

Answer 10

through g tube if jaw is compromised, if not hold jaw with middle finger of non dominant hand

Question 11

go read neural tube defects in the book. that shit was too long to write.

Answer 11

=[

Question 12

Diagnostics for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 12

prenatal dx is possible as early as 12 weeks thru PCR.

confirmation of diagnosis by electromyography EMG, muscle biopsy, fatty fibrous tissue, and positive family history.

Question 13

clinical manifestations of duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Answer 13

delayed walking, tired easily, can’t run, waddling, falls, Gower sign, lordosis, muscular atrophy, obesity, dystrophin deficiency.

Question 14

Therapeutic management for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Answer 14

make sure they are getting pneumococcal and influenza vaccine because they’re at risk for respiratory infections.

maintain vital lung capacity

keep child as active as possible.

Question 15

what is Guillain-barre syndrome?

Answer 15

acute demyelinating polyneuropathy with progressive flaccid paralysis.

Question 16

How is Guillain-barre syndrome acquired?

Answer 16

acute peripheral weakness that occurs after 10 days after a viral infection. sometimes happens after vaccines like the influenza vaccine.

then they get paralyzed

Question 17

usually if someone dies from Guillain barre syndrome, how do they do?

Answer 17

difficulty breathing.

Question 18

what is Guillain barre syndrome associated with?

Answer 18

measles, mumps, gastroenteritis, epstein bar virus, h. pylori, and Lyme disease.

Question 19

clinical manifestations of Guillain Barre Syndrome?

Answer 19

very fast onset
flu like symptoms
muscle tenderness
sore throat
paresthesia
weakness progresses to paralysis
urinary incontinence 
or retention and constipation

recovery usually begins 2-3 weeks after the progression stops.

Question 20

therapeutic management along with meds for Guillain barre syndrome?

Answer 20

IV steroids, iv immune globulin, plasmapheresis

hospitalized during acute for their respiratory problems, most get better after 7 weeks.

Question 21

phases of Guillain barre syndrome?

Answer 21

acute: when symptoms begin until new symptoms stop appearing
plateau: symptoms remain constant without deterioration and may last from several days
recovery: patient begins to improve and progress on to their optimal recovery period.

Question 22

Care management for Guillain barre syndrome?

Answer 22

supportive care

may require NPO status, NG/G tube feeding

maintain an open airway with suctioning

monitor O2

common to have urinary retention so have urinary catherization.

physical therapy. passive ROM in acute phase.

Question 23

Physical features associated with Downs Syndrome?

Answer 23

separated saggiata sutures, short head [brachycephaly], flat occiput, inner epicanthical folds of the eye, speckling of the iris, small nose with the depressed nasal bridge, small ears, delayed eruption of teeth, excess neck skin folds, rounded protruding abdomen, stubby fingers, short stature. dry cracked fissuring of the skin and mottling of the skin.

predisposition for constipation

eyes: white dots ringing the iris.

Question 24

what are downs syndrome at risk for?

Answer 24

strabismus, leukemia, cardiac defects, obesity, respiratory infections, hearing and vision losses and hypothyroidism, decreased respiratory expansion.