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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Patchy demyelination around axons

A

Multiple sclerosis

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2
Q

Difficulty raising arms to hold child post C-section

A

High spinal anaesthetic

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3
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Multiple sclerosis

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4
Q

Blurred vision worsening with heat

A

Multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

30-year old woman with trigeminal neuralgia

A

Multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

Numbness progressing to weakness after a viral infection

A

Guillain-Barre

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7
Q

Lower limb and pelvic floor weakness + anosmia

A

ACA stroke

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8
Q

Dementia with occipital hypoperfusion

A

Lewy body dementia

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9
Q

B-amyloid peptide aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

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10
Q

3Hz spike-and-wave pattern on EEG

A

Absence seizure

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11
Q

Seizure with high prolactin

A

Tonic-clonic

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12
Q

Jaw claudication

A

Temporal arteritis

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13
Q

Photosensitvity, N+V and aura

A

Migraine

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14
Q

Pill-rolling tremor/cogwheel/lead-pipe/shuffling gait/mask-like facies/small handwriting/soft voice

A

Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Inability to voluntarily look down

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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16
Q

Superior quadrantanopia

A

Temporal lobe lesion

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17
Q

Inferior quadrantanopia

A

Parietal lobe lesion

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18
Q

Triad of ataxia, incontinence and confusion

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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19
Q

Triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)

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20
Q

Triad of nystagmus, intention tremor and staccato/scanning speech

A

Charcot’s triad (MS)

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21
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Meningitis (stiff neck)

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22
Q

Bilateral vestibular schwannoma

A

Type 2 neurofibromatosis

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23
Q

Purpuric rash in meningitis

A

Meningococcal sepsis (Neisseria meningitidis)

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24
Q

Xanthochromia

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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25
Q

Low uptake in basal ganglia on fludeoxyglucose PET scan

A

Parkinson’s

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26
Q

Oligoclonal bands and IgG

A

MS

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27
Q

Chorea + dementia

A

Huntington’s disease

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28
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia

A

Pituitary adenoma

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29
Q

Donald duck speech

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

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30
Q

Pupils that constrict to accommodation and not light

A

Argyll-Roberton pupils (syphilis, alcohol and diabetes)

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31
Q

Pseudopalisading (central necrotic)

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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32
Q

Psammoma bodies, spindle cells

A

Meningioma

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33
Q

Chicken wire vascular appearance

A

Oligodendroglioma

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34
Q

Thunderclap headache

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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35
Q

Biconvex collection on CT

A

Epidural haematoma

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36
Q

Headache associated with polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Temporal arteritis

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37
Q

S-100 stain

A

Schwannoma

38
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia in MS (due to MLF)

39
Q

Leg and buttock pain relieved by leaning forward

A

Neurogenic claudication

40
Q

Sudden severe occipital headache, neck stiffness, confusion and vomiting. Lesser episode 3 weeks prior.

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

41
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (Berry aneurysms)

42
Q

Blurred vision + difficulty discriminating colours + pain on eye movement

A

Relative afferent pupillary defect (optic neuritis)

43
Q

Impaired vision + objects look dull and indistinct + dull headache on the same side

A

Optic neuritis

44
Q

Intermittent double vision and drooping eyelid worsening in the evenings

A

Fatiguable ptosis (myasthenia gravis)

45
Q

Progressive right hemiparesis + tonic clonic seizure

A

Left frontal lobe tumour

46
Q

Pleomorphic astrocytes with several areas of necrosis

A

GBM (ill-defined lesion expanding the entire corpus callosum, compressing the ventricles)

47
Q

GFAP

48
Q

Fluent aphasia, jargon speech, right homonymous hemianopia

A

Temporoparietal cortex stroke

49
Q

Hearing loss + vertigo + tinnitus

A

Meniere’s disease

3D’s - deafness, dizziness and din

50
Q

Hearing loss + vertigo + vesicular rash

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (type II)

51
Q

Vertigo post-URTI

A

Vestibular neuronitis

52
Q

Inability to sit still

53
Q

Involuntary movements of face and jaw, long term antipsychotics

A

Tardive dyskinesia

54
Q

Loss of pain and temperature in a cape-like distribution

A

Syringomyelia

55
Q

Cafe au lait spots

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

56
Q

Lisch nodules

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

57
Q

Pes cavus

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

58
Q

First management for temporal arteritis

A

Steroids (not temporal artery biopsy)

59
Q

Pale optic discs

60
Q

Pallor and palpitations → blackout → flushing

A

Stokes-Adams attack

61
Q

Social and sexual disinhibition

A

Frontal lobe lesion

62
Q

Degeneration of the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

A

Huntington’s disease

63
Q

CN most commonly affected in PCA stroke

A

Oculomotor (CN III)

64
Q

Blurred vision, delayed visual evoked responses and normal fundoscopy

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

65
Q

IE + stroke

A

Mycotic aneurysm

66
Q

Panda/raccoon eyes

A

Basal skull fracture

67
Q

Inverted champagne bottle legs

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

68
Q

Ring-enhancing lesion in the brain

A

Abscess (toxoplasmosis) or malignancy

69
Q

Panda eyes on CT brain

A

Toxoplasmosis

70
Q

Common causes of peripheral neuropathy

A

DEBUT

Diabetes
Ethanol
B12
Uraemia
Thyroid (hypo)
71
Q

Best investigation for brain tumour

72
Q

Brainstem stroke with constricted pupils

73
Q

Brainstem stroke with unresponsive mid-dilated pupil

74
Q

Stroke with neuropathic pain

75
Q

DRUG SE: most common SE of levodopa

76
Q

DRUG SE: gum hypertrophy and hirsutism

77
Q

DRUG: treatment of acute glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide

78
Q

DRUG: control of vomiting in Parkinson’s

A

Domperidone

79
Q

DRUG: first line in absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

80
Q

DRUG: treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s

81
Q

DRUG: trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

82
Q

DRUG SE: antiemetic causing Parkinsonism

A

Prochlorperazine

83
Q

DRUG SE: bipolar drug causing diabetes insipidus

84
Q

DRUG SE: migraine treatment causing dystonia

A

Metoclopramide

85
Q

DRUG SE: headache and hypertension after evening meal

A

MAO inhibitor (cheese reaction)

86
Q

DRUG SE: antiepileptic causing raised liver enzymes

87
Q

DRUG SE: acute pancreatitis

88
Q

DRUG: prevents relapses in MS

A

Interferon-B

89
Q

DRUG SE: peripheral neuropathy (7)

A

FISH MAP

Fluoroquinolones
Isoniazid
Statins
Heavy metals
Metronidazole
Amiodarone
Phenytoin
90
Q

DRUG SE: hyponatraemia

A

Antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics)

B** (12 decks)

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