Neuro

Question 1

Hypertonia

Answer 1

Increased muscle tone
-hard to move through ROM
spastic paralysis/weakness

Question 2

Hyperreflexia

Answer 2

Deep tendon reflexes (DTRS) are exaggerated d/t lack of periodic stimuli and LMN is “super sensitive”

Question 3

Weakness

Answer 3

generally flexors are weaker than extensors in legs
Generally flexors are greater than extensors in arms
*pyramidal pattern of weakness

Question 4

Clonus

Answer 4

Rhythmic involuntary contraction of antagonist muscles of ankle joint

Question 5

UMN disorders

Answer 5

MS, TBI. CP and brain mass

Question 6

LMN lesion

Answer 6

• found in anterior horn cell or distal to anterior horn cell
• ipsilateral weakness or paralysis
• Flaccid paralysis
• Muscle atrophy
• Hypoflexia (decreased DTRS)

Question 7

What can cause an LMN lesion?

Answer 7

injury/trauma to PN that sever the axon
virus which attacks horn cells
GBS
C. botulism
polio
ALS
Causa equina syndrome

Question 8

Issues w/ Disease of basal ganglia

Answer 8

Disability
usually increased muscle tone
posture/gait abnormalities
bradykinesia 
Does not cause paralysis

Question 9

Issues with Cerebellar system disease

Answer 9

impaired coordination, equilibrium, gait and decreased muscle tone

Question 10

Chemoreceptors

Answer 10

Respond to chemicals

-taste, smell, blood pH

Question 11

Photoreceptors

Answer 11

Respond to light

-vision

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

Stimulated by mechanical forces

-hearing, gravity, motion, body position

Question 13

Thermoreceptors

Answer 13

stimulated by changes in temperature

- located in hypothalamus and skin

Question 14

Proprioreceptors

Answer 14

Respond to change in position

Muscle spindles