Neuro Flashcards
The ventral root of child appears to be damaged after a difficult delivery resulting in muscular paralysis.
What embryonic derivative did this derive from?
Basal plate (ventral) motor neurons
Alar plate is dorsal and is sensory neurons
FA 448
MRI shows large 4th ventricle and part of vermis is missing.
What other abnormalities is this associated with?
What is the embryonic derivative of the effected part of this pt’s brain?
FA 449
Dandy-walker is associated with hydrocephalus and spina bifida
Cerebellum came from metencephalon.
Remember Mes Met My
FA 448
Increased AFP in mother’s serum and amniotic fluid is found in addition to polyhydramnios.
This is malformation of what part of the neural tube?
FA 449, 583, 630
Child is born with cleft lip and polydactyly.
What are you likely to see on brain scan?
What is the genetic defect?
Microcephaly or holoprosencephaly
Trisomy 13
FA 626
Elderly pt presents with behavioral changes, short term memory loss. MRI shows cerebral atrophy.
Familial form is associated with what proteins that increase risk?
ApoE2: decreased risk
ApoE4: increased risk
APP, presenilin-1, presenilin-2: increased risk
FA 487, poma 187
Elderly pt presents with progressive memroy loss, loss of ability to speak language fluently.
What would histopathology show?
What type of cleavage?
How does this increase risk of hemorrhage?
Histopathology:
senile plaques: Abeta-amyloid core; beta cleavage of amyloid precursor protein.
Hemorrhage: Abeta amyloid deposits
FA 487, poma 187, figure 17.12B, figure 17.12C
Medial lemniscus carries what information?
Where is it carried to?
2nd neuron carrying contralateral pressure, fine touch, proprioception
-> VPL thalamus
FA 470, 456
Pt presents with knife stab into back. Proprioception of left leg is lost, and sharp pain is lost from right side L3 down to right leg.
where is the injury?
left side, level L1
FA 472
Pt post stroke is unable to tolerate PO.
What part of brain receives sensory information and is used in this reflex?
What two cranial nerves?
nucleus solitarius
afferent 9, efferent 10
in 9, out 10
FA 476
Post stroke, pt’s right corneal reflex is tested.
The right eye does not constrict but the left does.
What nerve is severed?
Afferent: V1 (nasociliary branch of trigeminal nerve)
Efferent: VII (temporal branch of facial nerve, orbicularis oculi)
pt’s right temporal nerve is severed
FA 476
Tongue deviation towards the left side is seen.
Where is the lesion?
“lick the lesion”
Left hypoglossal nerve lesioned
FA 476
Malignant hyperthermia
treatment
Ryanodine gene defect
Dantrolene
FA 498
