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Pharmacology > Neuro 2 > Flashcards

Neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Common Neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Noepinephrine

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2
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

-olol
timolol & betaxolol

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3
Q

Beta-Blocker Action

A

Used for Glaucoma
-decreases aqueous humor production
-Block B1&B2
-Will decrease pressure in the eye

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4
Q

Alpha2 Agonist

A

-nidine
brimonidine

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5
Q

Alpha2 Agonist action & side effects

A

facilitates outflow and decreases production by stimulating alpha receptors

Does not cross the blood-brain barrier

SE: hypotension, drowsiness, and fatigue

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6
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

-zolamide
dorzolamide

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7
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors characteristics

A

-decreases aqueous production
-chemically related to sulfa antibiotics
-can be given as a diuretic

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8
Q

Prostaglandin

A

-prost
Latanoprost & bimatoprost

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9
Q

Prostaglandin Characteristics

A

-considered just as effective as beta-blockers - have fewer side effects
-facilitates outflow by stimulating prostaglandin F receptors
-SE: eye discoloration and eyelash growth

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10
Q

Cholinergic Agonist

A

-pilocarpine

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11
Q

Pilocarpine

A

-used to decrease pressure and used for eye surgeries
-Miosis or constriction of the pupil (pin-point pupils)
-SE: decreased visual acuity

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12
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

-Echothiopate
-inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine
-same ocular effects as pilocarpine

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13
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

-pam & -lam
-lorazapam, alprazolam, diazepam
-most common meds for anxiety
-highly addictive

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14
Q

Benzo Reversal Agent

A

Flumazenil

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15
Q

Benzo Characteristics

A
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16
Q

Non-benzos

A

-buspirone
-boost serotonin and dopamine

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17
Q

Buspirone characteristics

A

-does not cause sedation or interact with other CNS stimulants
-cannot take prn - takes 2-4 weeks to onset
-SE: paradoxical anxiety, blurred vision, HA, nausea
-Serotonin Syndrome
-safer than benzos

18
Q

Buspirone Interactions

A

CYP3A4
-do not take with grapefruit juice
-no tolerance, dependence, or withdrawal

19
Q

MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibiter)

A

-stops breakdown of monoamines which include 5-HT, Dopamine, and NE
-phenelzine
-selegiline
-used for depression

20
Q

MAOI side effects

A

-CNS stimulation
-Orthostatic Hypotension
-Hypertensive crisis from Tyramine
-interacts with NUMEROUS other meds

21
Q

TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

A

-work by improving 5-HT and NE availability
-migraines, insomnia, neuropathic pain syndromes
-can be used for bedwetting and OCD
-Amitriptyline
-doxepin

22
Q

Amitriptyline (TCA)

A

-avoid using
-no reversal agent
-cardiac toxicity - overdose is lethal
-symptoms worsen with alcohol
-Orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness = take at night
-contraindicated w/ other CNS depressants, MAOI, anticholinergics
-monitor for sucidial ideation

23
Q

TCA Overdose

A

-Anticholinergicgic syndrome
-3 ‘Cs’ = coma, convulsions, cardiac conduction abnormalities
-QRS > 0.12 sec is a predictor of toxicity

24
Q

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

A

-block reuptake of 5-HT
-fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertaline
-used for major depression
-also used for other mental conditions

25
Q

SSRI Nursing Considerations

A

SE: sexual dysfunction (drug holidays) and weight gain
-increased risk of suicide with initial treatment
- take in the morning with insomnia
-elevated risk of GI bleed with NSAIDs
-Hyponatremia: syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
-do not take paroxetine with pregnancy

26
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

-too much serotonin
-can happen 2-73 hours after starting treatment
SE: delirium, anxiety, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, and tremors
-treat symptoms

26
Q

Discontinuation Syndrome

A

-Happens after stopping quickly
SE: flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory disturbances

27
Q

SNRI

A

-blockade of 5-HT, NE, and slightly blocks dopamine reuptake
-venlafaxine, duloxetine
-used for major depression and generalized anxiety disorder
SE: same as SSRI with nausea, HTN, and anorexia

28
Q

bupropion use

A

-Atypical depressant
-used to treat depression, smoking addiction, and used as an adjunct to combat sexual side effects of other antidepressants
-can lower seizure threshold
-drug interaction: azole antifungals
SE: appetite suppression

29
Q

what is Mirtazapine?

A

-atypical depression
-promotes release of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain

30
Q

Mirtazapine therapeutic effects

A

-used for depression and bipolar disorder
-activates histamine receptor activity (causes sedation) = take at night
-may give to older patients who need to gain weight
-may use for sexual dysfunction
-SE: appetite stimulant

31
Q

what is trazodone?

A

-atypical depression
-serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibiter

32
Q

trazodone therapuetic effects

A

used for depression or insomnia
-strong sedative and only taken at night
-SE: priapism (prolonged erection)
-minimal anticholinergic effects

33
Q

Lithium

A

-mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder
-used for bipolar disorder w/ euphoric mania
-also used with schizophrenia, ETOH, bulimia, and for children with chronic neutropenia
-monitor blood levels (initial range 0.8-1.4) (maintenance range 0.4-1)

34
Q

Lithium Side Effects

A

L-leukocytes
I- increased
T- tremors
H - low thyroid
I - increased
U - urination-
M - mothers contraindicated

35
Q

Lithium Drug Interactions

A

No Ace in the Hold
-NSAIDs
-Diuretics
-Ace inhibitors

36
Q

Lithium Education

A

-consistent diet in water and sodium intake
-report anytime they get sick
-exercise

37
Q

Typical Antipsychotics

A

-chlorpromazine, haloperidol
-block NE, ACh, Dopamine, and Histamine receptors
-produce tranquil effect
-used for schizophrenia, manic bipolar, and hiccups (Thorazine)

38
Q

Typical Antipsychotics implications

A

-cardiac arrhythmias: prolonged QT
-Anticholinergic effect
-sedation
-weight gain
-hyperprolactinemia - breast growth and discharge, ED in males
-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: high fever, unstable BP, LOC

39
Q

EPS symptoms

A

-Akathisia: give benzos
Dystonia: diphenhydramine
-Tardive Dyskinesia: benztropine and diphenhydramine
-Parkinson-like symptoms: changing doses of dopamine

40
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

-block dopamine and 5HT
-risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine
-improve symptom control in psychosis

41
Q

Atypical implications

A

-weight gain
-metabolic syndrome can lead to more cardiac problems
-EPS symptoms with higher doses
-CNS effect
-Agranulocytosis

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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