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TRA REFRESHER > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

Structural, Functional Unit

A

NEURONS

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2
Q

Chemical Messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Cerebrum - ______, _______, _______

A

Motor, Sensory, Thoughts/Learning

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4
Q

Brain consist of 2 hemisphere:

A

Left & Right Hemisphere

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5
Q

Left hemisphere is responsible for 2L’s

A
  • Logic
  • Language
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6
Q

Right hemisphere is responsible for 3T’s

A
  • emoTion
  • arTistic
  • spaTial
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7
Q

Motor, Sensory Control are?

A

Contralateral

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8
Q

Cerebral Cortex - ______ layer

A

outermost layer

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9
Q

Mental Status - morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, abstraction, and memory retention

A

Frontal Lobe

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10
Q

Speech Center

A

Brocas Area

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11
Q

Aphasia:______cannot speak

A

Expressive Aphasia

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12
Q

Parietal Lobe is responsible for 2P’s & 3T’s

A
  • Pain
  • Pressure
  • Touch
  • Taste
  • Temperature
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13
Q

What lobe is the visual center?

A

Occipital lobe

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14
Q

Cannot/Unable read

A

Alexia

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15
Q

What lobe is the auditory center of the brain?

A

Temporal Lobe

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16
Q

Region of the brain that responsible for comprehending speech:

A

Wernicke’s area

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17
Q

Cannot understand words/symbols:

A

Receptive Aphasia

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18
Q

Limbic system is responsible for ______.

A

Emotion

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19
Q

convert short-term to long-term memory

A

Hippocampus

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20
Q

short-term to long-term memory loss

A

Dementia

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21
Q

Responsible for Sex, Emotion (SEA)

A

Amygdala

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22
Q

Responsible for Sex, Emotion (SEA)

A

Amygdala

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23
Q

coordinates balance, posture

A

Cerebellum

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24
Q

Diencephalon contains ______, ______, ______.

A

Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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25
Q

Responsible in secreting melatonin

A

Epithalamus

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26
Q

relays sensory information to cortex

A

Thalamus

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27
Q

links between the nervous and endocrine system by regulating pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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28
Q

Regulates ANS→responses of SNS, PNS

A

Hypothalamus

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29
Q

Also known as Thermoregulatory Center

A

Hypothalamus

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30
Q

Regulates vital body functions such as HR, BP, RR SURVIVAL

A

Brain stem

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31
Q
  • Regulates motor coordination
  • Integrates: Visual reflex and Auditory reflex
A

Midbrain

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32
Q

Regulates the rhythm of breathing

A

Pons

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33
Q

Region of pons that prolongs inhalation

A

Apneustic Center

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34
Q

Region of pons that contributes to exhalation

A

Pneumotaxic Center

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35
Q
  • vital center
  • Reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
  • Cardiovascular - respiratory regulation: RR, BP, HR
  • Decussation of nerve fibers: lower medulla
A

Medulla Oblongata

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36
Q

Reticular Activating System - Controls ________________

A

sleep-wake cycles

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37
Q

Neurotransmitters of PNS:

A

Acetylcholine

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38
Q

Neurotransmitter of SNS:

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

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39
Q

Pharmacology of PNS:

A

- (+) Cholinergic
- (-) Anticholinergic

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40
Q

Pharmacology of SNS:

A

- (+) Adrenergic
- (-) Sympatholytics

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41
Q

Effects on PNS:

A

“PARA-tae, -ihi, dura”
“ALL low, slow, except GI/GU”

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42
Q

Effects on SNS:

A

“DI maka-tae, -ihi, dura”
“ALL high, fast except GI/GU”

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43
Q

GI effect on PNS:

A

Diarrhea

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44
Q

GI effect on SNS:

A
  • Constipation
  • Emesis
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45
Q

Sweat gland effect on PNS & SNS:

A

both Diaphoresis

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46
Q

GU effect on PNS:

A

Urination

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47
Q

GU effects on SNS:

A

Retention

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48
Q

Eyes during PNS:

A

Miosis (constriction)

49
Q

Eyes during SNS:

A

Mydriasis (dilation)

50
Q

HR during PNS:

A

Bradycardia

51
Q

HR during SNS:

A

Tachycardia

52
Q

Respiratory Tract during PNS:

A

Bronchoconstriction

53
Q

Respiratory Tract during SNS:

A

Bronchodilation

54
Q

Lacrimal Gland during PNS:

A

⬆️Lacrimation

55
Q

Lacrimal Gland during SNS:

A

No Tearing

56
Q

LOC in PNS:

57
Q

LOC in SNS:

58
Q

Salivary Glands during PNS:

A

⬆️Salivation

59
Q

Salivary Glands during SNS:

60
Q

What CN responsible for smell?

A

CN I Olfactory

61
Q

What CN responsible for vision?

A

CN II Optic

62
Q

What CN responsible for eye movement, elevation of lids, miosis?

A

CN III Oculomotor

63
Q

What CN responsible for inward-downward eye movement?

A

CN IV Trochlear

64
Q

What CN responsible for mastication, facial sensation?

A

CN V Trigeminal

65
Q

What CN responsible for outward eye movement?

A

CN VI Abducens

66
Q

What CN responsible for facial expression? model face (Zour, Zweet, Zalty)

A

CN VII Facial

67
Q

What CN responsible for balance, hearing?

A

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

68
Q

What CN responsible for gag-reflex, bitter tatse?

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

69
Q

What CN responsible for ⬇️HR, ⬆️GI motility?

A

CN X Vagus

70
Q

What CN responsible for shoulder, neck movement?

A

CN XI Acessory

71
Q

What CN responsible for tongue of tongue?

A

CN XII Hypoglossal

72
Q

Sensory disorder of the CN V?

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia

73
Q

BON other term for Trigeminal Neuralgia:

A

Tic Doloreaux

74
Q

Types of pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia 3S:

A
  • Sharp
  • Stabbing
  • Severe
75
Q

What triggers Trigeminal Neuralgia? ChEWB

A
  • Chewing
  • Extreme temp.
  • Washing
  • Brushing
76
Q

What is the management goal for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

⬇️Pain

77
Q

What to avoid in trigeminal neuralgia?

78
Q

What is the management oral care for trigeminal neuralgia?

79
Q

Management diet for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

A
  • Consistency: soft, liquid
  • Portion: small
  • Chew: unaffected
80
Q

Management diet for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

A
  • Consistency: soft, liquid
  • Portion: small
  • Chew: unaffected
81
Q

What drug given to trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegetrol)

82
Q

Bell’s palsy is a motor damage of the CN____.

83
Q

The most common cause of bell’s palsy is _____ specifically _____.

A

Viral infection: Herpes

84
Q

What’s the hallmark sign of bell’s palsy?

A

Facial paralysis

85
Q

Facial paralysis on Bell’s palsy was ______.

A

unilateral

86
Q

How long was the recovery of bell’s palsy?

87
Q

Is there residual effects upon recovering from bell’s palsy?

A

No residual effects

88
Q

Drugs given for bell’s palsy?

A
  • Antiviral: “clovir” acyclovir
  • Steroids: “sone” Prednisone
89
Q

activity intervention for bell’s palsy?

A

Facial exercise

90
Q

Bell’s palsy eyes are dry. What should be given?

A

Lubricating eye drops

91
Q

Bell’s palsy patient should chew on the ______.

A

Unaffected side

92
Q

↑ intracranial bulk → ↑ pressure in cranial vault → cerebral hypoxia

A

INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

93
Q

pressure to maintain blood flow to brain

A

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

94
Q

Normal ICP:

95
Q

Normal MAP:

A

70-100mmHg

96
Q

Normal CPP:

A

60-100mmHg

97
Q

↑ Brain Volume (80%)

A

Cerebral tumor, abscess, edema → infection or trauma

98
Q

↑ Brain Volume (10%)

A

Cerebral hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, aneurysm, A-V
malformation

99
Q

↑ CSF (10%)

A

Obstruction of CSF outflow → brain tumor, hydrocephalus; Overproduction
of CSF → choroid plexus tumor

100
Q

__________ doctrine → “if one vol. ↑, the other two vol. compensates by ↓”

A

Monroe doctrine

101
Q

EMERGENCY → _______ → ____ minutes → irreversible ____________

A

EMERGENCY → hypoxia → 4-6 minutes → irreversible brain damage

102
Q

EMERGENCY → _______ → ____ minutes → irreversible ____________

A

EMERGENCY → hypoxia → 4-6 minutes → irreversible brain damage

103
Q

What are the early sign of ICP on Adult and Pedia?

A
  • Adults: altered LOC
  • Pedia: high pitched cry
104
Q

Clinical manifestations of ICP in the eyes?

A

Pallidema - optic nerve swelling

105
Q

A clinical manifestation on ICP where head movement → eyes remain midline or move in same direction.

A

(-) Doll eye sign

106
Q

A clinical manifestation on ICP where there is flexion of UE, extension of LE.

A

Decortication

107
Q

A clinical manifestation on ICP where there is extension UE, extension of LE.

A

Decerebration

108
Q

Patient with ICP what type of vomiting they are in?

A

Projectile vomiting

109
Q

Respiratory depression is a clinical manifestation in ICP. It also called _____.

A

Cheyne stokes

110
Q

Vital signs changes in ICP: Cushing triad’s

A

Hypertension
Bradycardia
Bradypnea

Pulse pressure: widened

111
Q

Fatal clinical manifestation in ICP?

A

Herniation

112
Q

Maximum score in GCS?

113
Q

Minimum score in GCS?

114
Q

Intubation score in GCS?

115
Q

How will you elicit pain in central while assessing GCS?

A

sternal rub, supraorbital, trapezius pinch

116
Q

How will you elicit pain in peripheral while assessing GCS?

117
Q

GCS scoring in eyes

A

4 - spontaenous
3 - speech
2 - pain
1 - no response

118
Q

GCS scoring in verbal

A

5 - oriented
4 - confused
3 - inappropriate sounds
2 - incompressible sounds
1 - no response

119
Q

GCS scoring in motor

A

6 - obeys command
5 - localize (toward)
4 - withdraws (away)
3 - decortication
2 - decerebrate
1 - no response

TRA REFRESHER (8 decks)

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