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Rn 2024 > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

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1
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Cranial nerves responsible for eye movement

A

III - Occulomotor
IV - Tronchlear
VI - Abducens

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2
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Responsible for facial movements and Anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

VII - Facial

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3
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Responsible for hearing and taste of Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

VIII - Acoustic

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4
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Responsible for Mastication

A

V - Trigeminal

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5
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Responsible for Gag reflex and PNS activation

A

X - Vagus

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6
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Responsible for tongue movement

A

XII - hypoglossal

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7
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Neck and Shoulder movement

A

XI - Spinal Accessory

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8
Q

SPINAL NERVES

Number of Spinal nerves

A

CERVICAL - 8
THORACIC - 12
LUMBAR - 5
SACRAL - 5
COCCYGEAL - 1

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9
Q

SPINAL NERVES

What part of the body Cervical SN controls?

A

Diaphragm
Chest wall muscles
Shoulder
Upper Extremities

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10
Q

SPINAL NERVES

What part of the body thoracic SN controls?

A

Upper body
GI functions

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11
Q

SPINAL NERVES

What part of the body Lumbar, Sacral and coccygeal controls?

A

Lower body
Bowel and bladder movement

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12
Q

ANS

  • FIGHT or FLIGHT response
  • release of Norepinephrine
  • Adrenergic response
A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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13
Q

ANS

SIGNS of SNS Response

A
  • inc BP
  • inc. HR
  • bronchodilation
  • inc. RR
  • Dry mouth
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
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14
Q

ANS
- Rest and Digest
- inc in acetlycholine
- dec. in. body activity
- cholinergic response

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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15
Q

ANS
Signs of PSNS response

A
  • dec. HR
  • dec. BP
  • bronchoconstriction
  • dec. RR
  • inc. salivation
  • diarrhea
  • urinary frequency
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16
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN I?

A
  • Anosmia
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17
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN II?

A
  • blurring of vision/blindness
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18
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions IN CN III, IV, VI?

A
  • anisocoria (uneven pupils)
  • nystagmus (Involuntary eye movement)
  • diplopia
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19
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN V?

A
  • Trigeminal Neurologia
  • Tic Douloureux
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20
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN VII

A
  • Bell’s Palsy
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21
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN VIII

A
  • hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
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22
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN IX?

A
  • Dysphagia
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23
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN X?

A

-Dysphagia
- inc. GI secretion

24
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN XI?

A
  • Unable to move
25
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

S/SX of dysfunctions in CN XII?

A
  • Tongue protrusion
  • tongue deviation
26
Q

Cranial Nerves

What is the longest, shortest and largest cranial nerves?

A

largest - abducens
smallest - tronchlear
longest - vagus

27
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

Cranial nerves that are both sensory and movement nerves?

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glosspharyngeal
  • Vagus
28
Q
  • Increased pressure in the skull
  • compresses the brain and blood vessels
A

Increased Intracranial Pressure

29
Q

Increased ICP

Predisposing factors of inc. ICP

A
  • Stroke (hemorrhagic)
  • Tumor
  • Inflammation
  • Trauma
  • Cerebral Edema
  • Hydrocephalus
30
Q

Increased ICP

  • its stated that the skull is a closed vault. An inc. in one component increases ICP.
A

Monro Kelle Hypothesis

31
Q

Increased ICP

What is the normal ICP?

A

0 - 15 mmHg

32
Q

Increased ICP

the hole in base of the brain that houses the medulla oblongata?

A

Foremen Magnum

33
Q

Increased ICP

what happens in the medulla oblongata that causes respiratory arrest?

A
  • Compression of the MO
34
Q

Increased ICP

Early signs of inc. ICP

A
  • vision changes
  • severe headaches
  • dec. in LOC
  • Pupilary Changes
  • Paresis (weakness)
35
Q

Increased ICP

Late signs of inc. ICP?

A
  • BP inc
  • widen pulse pressure
  • dec. RR
  • CHAYNE STOKES
  • Projectile vomiting
  • Abn Posture
  • (+) Babinski
  • hemiplegia
  • seizures
  • coma
36
Q

Increased ICP

Management

A
  • HOB
  • Evaluate neuro
  • Check RR
  • Avoid straining, coughing, comiting
  • SAFETY
  • Limit fluids
  • prevent hypoxemia
37
Q

Increased ICP

Med Management:

A
  • Corticosteroids - prevent cerebral edema
  • Diuretics - Mannitol and Loop
38
Q

A chromic autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath of the CNS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

39
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

What destroy the myelin sheaths?

A

T - cells

40
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

TRIAD signs of:
- Dysarthia
- Nystagmus
- Intension tremor

A

Charcot’s Triad

41
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Sign that heat makes s/sx of MS worse

A

Uhtoff’s Sign

42
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Diagnostics in MS

A
  • CSF analysis presence of oligoclonal bands (protein) in CSF
  • MRI - CONFIRMATORY
  • Lhermitte’s sign
43
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Shock like sensation from the spine to the limbs when bending neck forward

A

Lhermitte’s Sign

44
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Management of MS

A

Palliative
- prevent Uhtoff’s sign
- Assistive devices e.g. grab bars
- side rails up
- turn pt q 4hrs; q 1hr if elderly
- assist passive ROM q2 = prevent contractures
- avoid stress
- assist and plasmapharesis = removes t cells in the plasma

45
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Medical Management

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Corticotropin
  • Baclofen and Dactrolene Na- muscle relaxant
  • Propranolol - for tremors

for Chronic MS:
- Beta interferon - AVONEX, REBIF

46
Q

idiopathic disease that causes atrophy of the brain due to deficiency of somatostatin, ACH, noreepinephrine with a initial sign of PROGRESSIVE MEMORY LOSS

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

47
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

5 A’s

A

Amnesia
Anomia
(-) ACH
Agnosia
Aphasia

48
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Diagnostics

A

CT SCAN - progressive brain atrophy
AUTOPSY - CONFIRMATORY after death

49
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

MEDICATION

A

Arisept DOC

50
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Management

A

Neuro Management
priority: SAFETY

51
Q
  • a degenerative disease
  • movement disorder
  • no weakness
  • slow and progressive
  • common in men
A

Parkinson’s Disease

52
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

What causes for the pt diagnosed of PD experiences resting tremors, akinesia and hypertonia

A

Decreased in dopamine

53
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

SIGNS of PD

A
  • Pill rolling tremors
  • progressive small handwritting
  • stooped posture
  • nuchal rigidity
  • dysphagia
  • antihistamines keeps tremors down
54
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

MEDICATION MANAGEMENT:

A
  • LEVODOPA and CARBIDOPA
  • ARTANE - improves rigidity
55
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

A
  • NEURO MANAGEMENT
  • maintain good nutrition
  • safety precaution
  • inc. fluid and fiber intake
56
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

A
  • DEC CHON - AM
  • INC CHON - PM (induces sleep)
  • meds are taken before meals - inc absorption
  • inform pt discoloration of body fluids due to meds

Rn 2024 (3 decks)

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