Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych neuro > neuro > Flashcards

neuro Flashcards

1
Q

trigeminal neuralgia: sx and tx

A

unilateral pain triggered by chewing, treatment: carbmazepine or oxcarbmazepine

uworld 41:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sturge weber syndrome triad

A

neuro cutaneous disorder chracterized by -
facial portal wine stain
leptomeningeal capillary-venous malformtation, and glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

response

A

50% better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

remission

A

gone forever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mesolimbic

A

psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nigrostriatal

A

EPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ifundibular?

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

akathisia

A

sense of being able to stay still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glioblastoma multiforme

A

grade4 astrocytoma
- symptoms:: signs of increased ICP
butterfly shaped leson with central necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Friedrich ataxia

diagnosis made via

A

autosomal recessive disorder that causes degenerations of spinal tracts: spinocerebellar, dorsal columns (ProV), corticospinal

FrieDD HASH: Friedrich
Symptoms:
Dysarthria(speech difficulty due to muscle atrophy)
Dorsal column defects ( ProV Medal)

Hypercardiotrophic myopathy
Ataxia(impaired gait),
Skeletal deformity: scoliosis
High arches

Genetic Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GBS Diagnosis and Treatment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigeminal neuraligia characterized by and cuased buy

A

unilateral face pain triggered by stimuli ie brushign teeth and drinking cold water

  • no other neuro deficits
    Causes: vascular root compression or demyeliniating plaque in pons

CN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

caused by?

A

neurocytericosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of elevated ICP

A

dull headache with 1 or more of
- N&v
- focal neuro manifestation
- symptoms worse at night or with positiosn that raise ICP

papilledema on funduscopic exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vin-HIPPEL Lindau syndrome

A

Hemangioblastoma
Increased risk of renal cell carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Pancreatic lesions
Eye Lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internal capsule infarction is characterized by

caused by

A

lacunar stroke ( means small vessel)

  • type of lacunar, ( MCA lacunar)

acute contralateral hemiparesis due to corticospinal injury in the posterior limb

-sometimes dysarthria (- inability to speak)

sensory deficits rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

toxic metabolic encephalopathy

A

-confusion, lethargy, NM findings ie bradykinesia, asteristix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does the management of hemorrhagic stroke differ from ischemic stroke

A
  • hemorrhagic, maintain normal ICP and control BP
  • for ischemia allow hypertension to maintain perfusion and thrombectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lewy body dementia vs Parkinson’s Dementia

A

PD occurs 1rst in parkinsons dementia
- Lewy body dementia- Alzheimers occurs 1irst of concurrently with PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 1
sx and diagnosis

A

age of onset adolescents

CAFE SPOTS
Cafe au lait
Axillary freckiling
neurofibroma
nodules in the Eye
Skeletal abnormality (scoliosis)
high blood Pressure
Optic Tumor
Short Stature

Diagnosis:
-MRI of brain, spine with contrast
- eye exam
-genetic test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 2

A

mutation on chromosome 22, findings on 2 sides
- shwanomnoma (ear)
-cataract

age of onset 18-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurofibromatosis type1 vs type 2

A

type two: no cafe au lait or axillary or inguinal freckling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • upper motor symptoms
    +ANA
    + RPR caused by?
A

people with anti phospholipid syndrome can have a false positive RPR

  • associated with SLE: thrombocytopenia, holosystolic murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment for stroke due to infective endocarditis

A

IV antibiotics and cardiac surgery

  • No thrombolytics or anticoagulants due to huge hemorrhage risk!!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
carotid endarterectomy is not recommended when stenosis is ___ in asymptomatic and symptomatic. is always recommended in asymptomatic when stenosis is ___? in symtomatic when stenosis is___?
26
neurocytericosis cause and how it appears on imaging
- taenia solium, pork tape worm - multiple intraparenchymal cysts at various stages of duration - seizures focal neural deficits
27
Edinger westphal nucleus
propvives preganglionic parasympathetic outflow
28
akinetic mutism vs catatonia
both manifest with immobility, mutism and waxy flexibility but only catatonia presents with echolalila, echopraxia, or posturing
29
causses of foot drop with flexed hip and knee to raise foot
- L5 radiculopathy - common perineal nerve
30
Interventions to reduce intracranial pressure
-decrease brain parenchymal volume -decrease cerebral brain volume -decrease CSF volume -increase cranial volume
31
spondylosis
degenerative spine disease that can narrow the cerival spine
32
cervical myelopathy signs
- LMN, UMN, gait dysfunction
33
syringomyelia common cause?
-dilated spinal cord pushes -spinothalamic and corticopsinal causing cause: chiari malformation -loss of pain and temperature in a cape-like distribution -muscle atrophy m areflexia
34
signs of brain herniation
rapid increase in intracranial pressure, - unconsciousness, -mid-sized fixed pupils -abnormal limb posturing
35
tetanus
- painful muscle contractions that begin int he head and neck and progress to the rest of the body
36
long term metformin use, positive babinski, sensory ataxia , lower extremity paresthesia, neuropsychiatric manifestations cause?
vitamin b 12 deficiency
37
features of cerebellar hemorrhage
occipital headache, neck stiffness, n/v, nystagmus ipsilateral hemitaxia
38
sudden lower extremity weakness, absence of rectal tone, irnary retention is indicative of and requires
spinal cord compression - neurosurgical evaluation
39
facial HSV-1 vs varicella zoster
HSV-1 vesicular lesions in the oral mucosa varicella zoster : painful vesicular rash on the auditory canal and auricle
40
papilledema signs
-transient vision loss with head position change -enlarged physiologic blindspot -headache
41
ALS signs
UMN signs( spasticity, hyperreflexia, pathologic reflex) -jaw jerk= trigeminal nerve reflex (CN V) - present in people with bilateral motor upper neuron lesion LMN signs (atrophy, fasciculations) Bulbar symptoms (dysarthria, dysphagia) Diagnosis: clinical evaluation, EMG, MRI of brain/spinal cord Tx: riluzole, respiratory support, nutritional support
42
gray white matters on CT non-contrast indicates
ischemia that occurs hours
43
gray white matters on CT non-contrast indicates
ischemia that occurs hours
44
following 4-6 wks of ankle sprain, pt develops. intense pain, redness, inability to move/ touch area, and x-rays show osteopenia, inflammatory markers like ESR are normal-- this is?
CRPS
45
neurosyphilis
- Argyll robertson pupil -bilateral miosis, no pupillary light reflex, -accommodation reflex is present -sensory ataxia, dementia -tabes dorsalis- demyelnination of dorsal column spinal cord (ProV-propioception, vibration, fine touch) other syphillis sigs: maculopapular rash involving the extremities
46
Essential vs physiologic vs orthostatic tremor
47
intention tremor is aka and signs
cerebellar
48
functional tremor -signs and cause
49
Parkinson's tremor
unilateral resting
50
signs of cerebellar stroke
-limb ataxia or dysmetria ( abnormal Heel to shin or finger to nose ) -postural instability- falling to one side -headache
51
pralidoxime vs physostigmine
pralidoxime regenerates acetylcholinesterase and is given after atropine for pts with too much muscarinic stimulation ( ie organophosphate poisoning) -physostigmine- is used for anticholinergic toxicity - inhibits acetylcholinesterase
52
tongue biting is is specific for (seizure or syncope)?
seizure
53
anterior cord syndrome
- loss of Spit and corticospinal, but dorsal columns are spared
54
wernicke encephalopathy triad
oculomotor (nystagmus), ataxia,encephalopathy
55
most common pediatric brain tumor and location
low grade astrocytoma - parietal lobe
56
cavernous sinus thrombosis
- intracranial hypertension, low grade fever, periorbital edema , vomitting , binocular paresthesia - -sensitivty along v1, v2 trigeminal nerve branch
57
signs of uncal herniation
ipsilateral pupillary dilation, contralateral hemiparesis - sommonly occurs with epidural hematoma
58
parkinsonian gait pattern
narrow based, small-stride
59
glaucoma eye symptoms
fixed mid-dilated pupil -conjunctival erythema corenal opacity ocular pan/ HA
60
temporal arteritis or giant cell arteritis tx?
-anterior ischemic optic neuropathy characterized by a pale, edematous disc with blurred margins fever, fatigues withg loss, -headache in temporal region tx: steroids ( high dose for vision loss, low for swollen joints only
61
subarachnoid vs putamenal stroke
- putamenal is in the brain prenchymal Includes internal capsule - subarrachnoid, will see meningeal signs form meningeal irritation
62
Which brain lobe is each located ? -somatosensory cortex -somatomotor cortex
Parietal lobe (PS) frontal lobe (FM)
63
speech center locations: Brocas Wernicke arcuate fasciculus
-frontal lobe: work finding difficulty -Temportal lobe : wernicke, word salad - arculate fasculus ( coneccts two center), poor repetition
64
miller fisher syndrome
- subset of GBS chracterized by opthalmoplegia(paralysis of eye muscles), areflexia, ataxia
65
parkinsonian disorders -progressive supranuclear palsy -multisystem atrophy
Progressive supranuclear palsy - gait instability, front lobe deficits, bradykinesia, muscle reigidity - ocular motor changes ( ie vertical gaze palsy), multisystem atrophy Multisystem atrophy -autonomic dysfunction( orthostatic hypotension, anhidrosis, urinary incontinence, ED) - ataxia
66
creutzfeldt jakob disease
prion disease rapid progressing dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cerebellar dysfunction, corticospinal dysfunction, stimulus-induced myocolous
67
normal pupil size in bright light and dark
2-4mm ( bright light) 4-8mm (dark) < 2mmm = miosis and > 4 mm= dilation
68
porphyria cutanea tarda
- blistering skin rash in response to sun exposure red-brown urine, tx phlebotomy and low dose hydroxychloroquine
69
acute intermittent porphyria 5P's
painful abdomen, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbance port-wine colored pee precipitated by drugs
70
people with myasthenia gravis should undergo, y? treatment? diagnosis?
chest x-ray to scan for a thymoma pyRIDostigmine, so you can get rid of MG - repetitive nerve stimulation or EMG, edrophonium test ( give achcholinesterase inhibitor and seee if sx improve)
71
botulism signs and sources
hypotonia, poor feeding, facial muscle weakness sources soil and honey
72
6 p of compartment syndrome
- occurs acutely after injury - pulselessness - poilolothermia ( inability to maintian a temperature) - pain, - paresthesia (tingling prickly) - pallor - paralysis
73
CPRS
occurs 4-6 wks after injury -pain decreased rrange of motion -hypesthesia (increased sensitivity)
74
charcot marie tooth
- impaired growth of schwann cells - clinical features: hammer toes, scoliosis, foot deformity, muscle weakness, spinothalamic deficits, absent reflexes
75
dermatomyositis vs polymyositis vs inclusion body myositis
both have proximal muscle weakness but dermatomyositis has skin changes in the periorbital area - inclusion body - promixal and disstal weakness, can't be treated with immunosuppresive
76
cerebral palsy: different type -spastic -dyskinetic -ataxic
neurodevelopmental disease that causes muscle weakness spastic(UMN signs, tight still muscles , hypertonia, scissor walk) dyskinetic (basal ganglia damage)-dystonia, chorea ataxic(cerebellum- shaky unstable, sleep diorder, speech problems)
77
babinski relex, when does it go away?
2 yo b for bi = 2
78
caloric reflex
cold water: eyes will turn toward ear iwth water, horizonal nystagmus on the opposite side warm water: eyes will turn away from ear eithewater but horizontal nystagmus when looking at the ear with water direct of nystmus= COWS * cold- opposite, warm -same)
79
unilateral eye pain associated with central scotomata is ? cn?
optic neuritis, CN II
80
periventricular white matter lesion on imaging indicate
damage or decresaed blood flow -normal aging -stroke -MS
81
4hypertensive encephalopathy agenst of choice
> 180/120+ papiledema + confusion >labetalol, nitroprusside, nicardipine

Psych neuro (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions