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acp copr > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

CN1

A

Olfactory S

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2
Q

CN2

A

Optic S

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3
Q

CN3

A

Oculomotor M
Eye movement, pupil D+C, upper eyelid movement

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4
Q

CN4

A

Trochlear M
Eye movement, downward gaze

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5
Q

CN5

A

Trigeminal B
The sensation of face, mouth, mastication

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6
Q

CN6

A

Abducens M
Eye abduction, and adduction

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7
Q

CN7

A

Facial B
Facial expression, taste, lacrimation, salivation

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8
Q

CN8

A

Vestibular-Cochlear S
Hearing, sense of balance, perception

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9
Q

CN9

A

Glossopharyngeal B
The sensation of posterior tongue and pharynx, taste, salivation

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10
Q

CN10

A

Vagus B
Autonomic, cardiac inhibition, larynx + pharynx sensation, muscles of cords, swallowing

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11
Q

CN11

A

Spinal Accessory M
Shoulder and neck movement

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12
Q

C12

A

Hypoglossal M
Tongue, throat, and neck movement

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13
Q

Epidural Bleed

A

Middle meningeal artery
Rapid symptoms
Lucid interval after a loss of consciousness
Ipsilateral blown pupil

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14
Q

Subdural Bleed

A

Bridging veins
Gradual development
Acute(sign within 24h) or chronic (signs can appear after 2 weeks).
Focal neurological signs (slurred speech, etc.)

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15
Q

Subarachnoid Bleed

A

Arterial bleeding into subarachnoid space, where CSF circulates. Commonly caused by trauma, aneurysm, or AVM.
Nuchal rigidity and headache, initially, pain is localized but becomes diffuse.
Signs of increased ICP, AMS, pupil changes, vomiting, and seizures.

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16
Q

Intracerebral Bleed

A

Caused by penetrating injury or rapid deceleration. DAI.
Once symptoms appear, conditions deteriorate quickly.

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17
Q

Generalized Onset Seizure

A

Either Absent or Tonic-Clonic

  1. Absent: Common age 4-12. Lasts <15sec. Staring, activity ceases, lip smacking or blinking
  2. Tonic-Clonic: Any age. Lasts several minutes. Loss of consciousness with muscle contraction (tonic) and rhythmic contractions (clonic). Often preceded by an aura and followed by a postictal state.
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18
Q

Jacksonian March

A

A partial simple seizure starts in one area of the brain, causing specific focal signs, then starts to “ripple” outwards, adding to focal signs.

No loss of consciousness

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19
Q

Partial / Focal

A

Simple or Complex

Partial Simple: AKA Focal motor or “Jacksonian March.” Tonic-clonic activity is localized to one part of the body. No aura or loss of consciousness.
May progress to generalized.

Partial Complex: AKA Temporal lobe or psychomotor seizure. Manifests as changes in behavior. It often lasts 1-2mins, often preceded by an aura, with no postictal phase.

20
Q

Clonic Phase

A

Rhythmic contractions of major muscle groups. Includes lip smacking, biting, and teeth clenching.

21
Q

Tonic-Clonic Stages

A
  1. Aura
  2. Loss of consciousness.
  3. Tonic Phase (rigidity)
  4. Hypertonic Phase (increased rigidity, with back arching)
  5. Clonic Phase (Rhythmic contractions of major muscle groups)
  6. Postseizure (muscle relaxation, nystagmus may still occur)
  7. Postictal ( Brain resets, aphasia, confused, tired, headache)
22
Q

Status Seizure

A

A seizure that lasts longer than 4-5mins, or multiple seizures without return of consciousness.

23
Q

Seizure Documentation

A

Aura?
Which body parts were in motion?
Did the pt loss consciousness?
How long did the seizure last?
How was the pt after the seizure?
What was the response to therapy?

24
Q

Causes of Seizure

A

Abscess
AIDS
Alcohol
Brith Defects
Brain Infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
Brain Trauma
DM
Fever
Idiopathic
Inappropriate Med doses
Organic brain syndromes
Drugs
Stroke / TIA
Systemic Infection
Tumour
Uremia (kidney failure)

25
Q

Aura Characteristics

A

Funny Taste, Seeing lights, Hearing Sounds, Twitching

26
Q

Syncope Vs. Seizure

A

Syncope: Standing, dizziness, SOB, Weakness, visual changes, relaxed during the event, quick return to normal.

Seizure: Occur in any position, aura, generalized body movement during the event, slow return to normal.

27
Q

Muscle Tension Headache

A

Most common. Residual muscle contraction within the face and head. Pain occurs on both sided of the head and travels from back to front. Dull ache or squeezing. Jaw, neck, or shoulders may be sore

28
Q

Migraine Headache

A

Thought to be caused by changes in blood vessel size within the base of the brain. Th pt may experience an aura and unilateral focused pain that spreads over time. The pain is throbbing, pounding, or pulsating in nature. N/V. Pts prefer dark, quiet environments.

29
Q

Cluster Headache

A

Rare vascular headaches that start in the face. Occur in groups or clusters and last for 30-45mins.
Pt may have sever each day. May recur for days and then stop entirely nad may return each month.
SS: Minor pain around one eye, that intensifies and spreads to one side of face, and anxiety.

30
Q

Sinus Headache

A

Inflammation or infection within sinus cavities. Pain is located in the superior portion of the face, increases with bending forward, is worse when waking, and may have rhinitis.

31
Q

Parkinsons

A

Damage to substantia nigra (dopamine production).
Gradual onset of symptoms.
Quadraid 1) Tremor 2)Postural instability 3)Rigidity 4)Bradykinesia

*rest and postural tremors.

32
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

An autoimmune condition where the body attacks the myelin of the brain and spinal cord.
Attacks and remission.
SS: Double vision/visual disturbances. Weakness, impairment of pain, temp, and touch senses. Pain. Ataxia. Intension Tremors.

33
Q

ALS

A

Destruction of voluntary motor neurons results in death in 3-5 years.
SS: Fatigue, weakness, difficulty performing routine activities. Progresses to inability to walk, eat, or breathe.

34
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the facial nerve (CN7). Typically after infection.
SS: Ptosis, facial droop or weakness, and loss of the ability to taste.

35
Q

Gillian-Barre Syndrome

A

Ascending weakness and tingling, which becomes severe and may lead to paralysis. Typically resolves within 2 weeks in a dramatic reversal.

May occur following infection.

36
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Non-progressive bilateral neuromuscular disorder. Brain insult in-utero, trauma at birth or childhood, or postpartum infection.
Spastic movement and poor posture. It may include visual/auditory/cognitive impairment and seizures.
Prone to falls.

37
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Antibodies block or damage ACh receptor sites.
Muscle weakness, usually during activity, poor eye/eyelid/facial muscle control, difficulty chewing and swallowing, and slurred speech.
Myasthenia Crisis induces respiratory failure

38
Q

Decorticate Posturing

A

Lower Cerebral Damage

39
Q

Decerebrate Posturing

A

Brain Stem Damage

40
Q

Aphasia

A

Expressive: Damage or loss of the ability to speak.
Receptive: Damage or loss of the ability to understand speech.
Global: Damage or loss of both the ability to speak and to understand speech.

41
Q

Intension Tremors

A

Tremors occur when trying to accomplish a task.

42
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

A viral infection that attacks axons, especially motor axons.
SS: sore throat, N/V, diarrhea, stiff neck, and weakness/paralysis of muscles.

43
Q

Post Polio Syndrome

A

Neurons breakdown and die, resulting ins difficulty swallowing, weakness, fatigue, or breathing problems.

After healing from the initial infection.

44
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Trigeminal Inflammation (CN5).
<50, usually women.
Unilateral shocky or stabbing pain. Stimulated by touch.

45
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

The most common form of dementia. Progressive organic condition in which neurons die.
SS: Lose of the ability to think, reason, solve problems, and concentrate. May present with altered behavior, paranoia, delusions, and social inappropriateness.
Will become completely debilitated and totally dependant

acp copr (20 decks)

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