Neuro Flashcards
what cranial nerve controls gag reflex?
CN 9, glossopharyngeal
what cranial nerve does shoulder shrug?
CN XI (11) spinal accessory
what cranial nerve controls pupillary constriction?
CN III (oculomotor)
what cranial nerve controls down and inward eye movement
cranial nerve IV: trochlear
what cranial nerve controls corneal reflex?
cranial nerve V: trigeminal
what’s acroynm for sensory, motor or both of the cranial nerves
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most:
Sensory(I), Sensory(II), Motor(III) Motor(IV) Both(V) Motor (VI) Both(VII) Sensory(VIII) Both(IX) Both(X) Motor (XI) Motor (XII)
what cranial nerve controls saliva and tear secretion?
facial: CN VII
what TIA symptoms would carotid stenosis cause?
MCA syndrome; aphasia, dysarthria, altered LOC
what TIA symptoms would vertebrobasilar stenosis cause?
cerebellar symptoms: vertigo, ataxia, dizziness, visual field deficits, weakness, confusion
why is thiamine given before IV dextrose when wernicke’s encephalopathy suspected for hypoglycemia and seizure activity?
Thiamine is requires for cellular activity for aerobic metabolism. if glucose is given with thiamine deficiency, anaerobic metabolism occurs with increase pyruvate levels leading to lactic acidosis.
pathophysiology for myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disorder
reduction of acetylcholine receptor sites at neuromuscular junction
pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
autoimmune disease
disruption of myelin sheaths that is crucial for transmission of nerve signals; leads to numbness, weakness, loss of muscle coordination, problems with vision, speech and bladder control
Multiple sclerosis pharmacological management
Steroids for acute relapse recovery
antispasmodics
interferon therapy, immunosuppressive therapy
PLEX
MG pharmacology
Mestinon (pyridostigmine): anticholinesterase drugs: block breakdown of acetylcholine; symptomatic improvement
Gullian Barre CSF results
elevated protein; immunoglobulin G
what are the common causes of bacterial meningitis?
80-90% of cases: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis
what is Kernig’s sign
pain and spasms of hamstring muscles (positive in meningitis)
what is Brudzinski’s sign
legs flex at both hips and knees in response to flexion of head and neck to chest- meningeal irritation- meningitis
CSF changes in meningitis
cloudy, xanthochromic (yellow)
elevated pressure, elevated protein, decreased glucose, WBCs present
what is antibiotic therapy recommendations for meningitis >50 and <50
<50: vancomycin + ceftriaxone]
>50: vancomycin + ampicillin + ceftriaxone
what is the Monroe Kellie Doctrine
when one component of the skull increases, the other must decrease to compensate: blood, CSF, brain tissue
describe cushing’s triad
widening pulse pressure- systolic BP increases in attempt to maintain constant CPP
decreased RR
decreased HR
what are levels of SCI that cause tetraplegia
C6 and above
what level of SCI requires mechanical ventilation
C4 or above
what level of SCI and below causes paraplegia
T1-T2- upper extremity control, no trunk control
what are symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia from SCI?
T4-T6
diaphoresis, flushing above level of injury
chills, severe vasoconstriction below level of injury
hypertension, bradycardia
headache, nausea
what is Brown Sequard Syndrome
damage to 1/2 spinal cord
ipsilateral upper motor neuron paralysis and loss of proprioception
contralateral loss of pain and temperature sense
what is Myerson’s sign
Parkinson’s disease
repetitive tapping over bridge of nose produces sustained blink response
what is apraxia
inability to perform a previously learned task
what is agnosia
inability to recognize an object
