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Neuro Spot Test > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is found behind and in front of the central sulcus?

A

In front - primary motor cortex

Behind - primary somatosensory cortex

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2
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for speech production?

A

Broca’s

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3
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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4
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for speech conprehension?

A

Wernicks’s Area

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5
Q

What structure is composed of projection fibres and connects the ascending and descending fibre tracts?

A

Internal capsule

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6
Q

What structure is composed of projection fibres and carries axons to and from the cerebral cortex?

A

Internal capsule

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7
Q

What is the function of the insular cortex?

A
  • sensory processing
  • decision making
  • motor control
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8
Q

What is the function o f the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

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9
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory perception

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10
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A
  • voluntary movement

- expressive language

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11
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Understanding language and learning

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12
Q

What is the other name of the pre-central gyrus and what is its function?

A
  • Somato-motor cortex

- Controls volitional movement

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13
Q

What is the other name of the post-central gyrus and what is its function?

A
  • Somatosensory cortex

- Main sensory area for touch

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14
Q

What is found superior to the calcurine sulcus?

A

Cuneus

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15
Q

What is found inferior to the calcurine sulcus?

A

Lingual gyrus

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16
Q

What is the function of the cuneus?

A

Aid in visual processing

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17
Q

What is Brodmann’s Area 17?

A

Cuneus

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18
Q

What is the main function of the lingual gyrus?

A

Processing vision

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19
Q

Where is the calcurine sulcus located?

A

Occipital lobe

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20
Q

What connected the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex?

A

Optic radiations

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21
Q

What type of fibres are optic radiation?

A

Projection

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22
Q

What is the main function of the corona radiata?

A

To send and receive messages between regions in the brain

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23
Q

What type of fibres are the corona radiata?

A

Projection

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24
Q

What is the role of projection fibres?

A

Help relay motor and sensory signals between the CNS and the PNS

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25
Q

Where does the superior cerebellar peduncle project to?

A

Midbrain

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26
Q

Where does the middle cerebellar peduncle project to?

A

Pons

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27
Q

Where does the inferior cerebellar peduncle project to?

A

Medulla

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28
Q

What is the main function of a cerebellar peduncle?

A

To communicate between the cerebellum and the other parts of the CNS

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29
Q

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

A

Maintaining balance and posture

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30
Q

What spinal tract passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Ventral spinocerebellar

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31
Q

What spinal tract passes through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferent fibres (pontocerebellar fibres) from the corticopontocerebellar tract

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32
Q

What fibres pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A
  • Spinocerebellar
  • medullocerebellar
  • vestibular
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33
Q

What is the name of the branched cerebellar white matter? (resembles tree)

A

Arbor vitae

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34
Q

What is the function of the dentate gyrus?

A

Formation of episodic memory

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35
Q

What is the name of the smallest lobe of the cerebellum and what is its function?

A
  • Flocculonodular lobe

- Balance

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36
Q

What does the choroid plexus produce?

A

CSF

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37
Q

What cells line the choroid plexus?

A
  • Pia mater

- Choroid epithelium - modified ependynal cells

38
Q

What is another name for the striate cortex?

A

Primary visual cortex

39
Q

What is the role of the striate cortex?

A

Processes visual information

40
Q

What is the Line of Gennari?

A

Myelinated fibres that form a white line along the calcurine sulcus

41
Q

What gyrus is found above the corpus callosum?

A

Cingulate gyrus

42
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A
  • Processing emotions

- Behavioural regulation

43
Q

What type of fibre is the corpus callosum?

A

Commissural

44
Q

What is the cingulum and its function?

A

A nerve tract passing from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex that allows communication between the limbic system

45
Q

What is the function of the caudate nucleus?

A
  • Planning movement
  • Learning
  • Memory
  • Reward
  • Emotion
46
Q

What is the function of the putamen?

A
  • Motor control

- Speech

47
Q

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

A
  • Putamen

- Globus pallidus

48
Q

Function of globus pallidus externa?

A

Processes motor and non-motor information

49
Q

Function of globus pallidus interna?

A

Controls conscious and proprioceptive movements

50
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

To relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

51
Q

What sensory signals are not relayed through the thalamus?

A

Smell

52
Q

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

A

Control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

53
Q

Which strucutre is formed of 6 layers, magnocellular and parvocellular, and contributes to the visual system?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

54
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

55
Q

What connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricles?

A

Interventricular foramen

56
Q

What is the fornix composed of?

A

White matter fibres

57
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A
  • Learning

- Memory

58
Q

What is the name of the three rounded elevations on the inferior surface of the hippocampus?

A

pes hippocampi

59
Q

What structures combine to form the lentiform nucleus?

A
  • Putamen

- Globus pallidus

60
Q

What structures combine to form the striatum?

A
  • Caudate nucleus

- Putamen

61
Q

What structures combine to form the basal ganglia?

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substancia nigra
62
Q

Where is the amygdala found?

A

Anterior tip of the horn of the lateral ventricle of the temporal lobe

63
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Processes fearful and threatening stimuli

64
Q

What separates the frontal horns of the left and right ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

65
Q

What structure does the oculomotor nerve pass through to reach the eye?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

66
Q

What is the name of the dorsal side of the midbrain and what is its function?

A
  • Tectum

- Involved in reflexes that respond to certain visual and auditory stimuli

67
Q

What is the decussation of the pyramids?

A

Where the axons from the corticospinal tract cross over the midline at the level of the lower medulla and join the lateral corticospinal tract

68
Q

What is the main function of the cerebral peduncles?

A
  • Refining motor movements

- Converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance

69
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the brainstalk?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

70
Q

What does the corpus striatum consists of?

A
  • Caudate nucleus

- Putamen

71
Q

What is the function of the mammillary body?

A

Recollective memory

72
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

To facilitate and inhibit movement

73
Q

What does the substancia nigra secrete?

A

Dopamine

74
Q

What is the function of the substancia nigra?

A

Regulate motor function

75
Q

What paired arteries supply blood to the brain?

A
  • Vertebral arteries

- Internal carotid arteries

76
Q

What is formed by the anastomosis of the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?

A

Circle of Willis

77
Q

The internal carotid arteries are bifurcations of what main arteries?

A

Common carotid arteries

78
Q

What structure do the internal carotid arteries move within?

A

Carotid sheath

79
Q

What arterial branches do the internal carotid arteries give rise to after passing through cavernous sinus?

A
  • Ophthalmic artery
  • Posterior communicating artery
  • Anterior choroidal artery
  • Anterior cerebral artery
80
Q

Where does the left optic tract receive information from?

A

The left temporal retina and right nasal retina

81
Q

What fibres cross at the optic chiasm?

A

Nasal

82
Q

What fibres do the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway carry?

A
  • tactile sensation
  • vibration
  • proprioception
83
Q

What does the anterior spinothalamic tract carry?

A

Sensory modalities of crude touch and pressure

84
Q

What does the lateral spinothalamic tract carry?

A

Sensory modalities of pain and temperature

85
Q

Where do the dorsal column-medial lemniscus fibres dessicate?

A

Medulla

86
Q

What separates the cochlear duct and the vestibular duct?

A

Vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

87
Q

What is the function of the organ of Corti and where is it found?

A
  • To change sound waves into electrical signals

- Cochlea

88
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculus?

A

Sounds localisation

89
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculus?

A

Turn visual information to motor commands

90
Q

In what structures do hair cells detect head position?

A
  • utricle

- saccule

91
Q

Where is movement detected in the ear?

A

Semi-circular canals

Neuro Spot Test (1 decks)

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