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Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

What is found behind and in front of the central sulcus?

A

In front - primary motor cortex

Behind - primary somatosensory cortex

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2
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for speech production?

A

Broca’s

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3
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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4
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for speech conprehension?

A

Wernicks’s Area

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5
Q

What structure is composed of projection fibres and connects the ascending and descending fibre tracts?

A

Internal capsule

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6
Q

What structure is composed of projection fibres and carries axons to and from the cerebral cortex?

A

Internal capsule

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7
Q

What is the function of the insular cortex?

A
  • sensory processing
  • decision making
  • motor control
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8
Q

What is the function o f the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

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9
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory perception

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10
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A
  • voluntary movement

- expressive language

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11
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Understanding language and learning

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12
Q

What is the other name of the pre-central gyrus and what is its function?

A
  • Somato-motor cortex

- Controls volitional movement

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13
Q

What is the other name of the post-central gyrus and what is its function?

A
  • Somatosensory cortex

- Main sensory area for touch

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14
Q

What is found superior to the calcurine sulcus?

A

Cuneus

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15
Q

What is found inferior to the calcurine sulcus?

A

Lingual gyrus

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16
Q

What is the function of the cuneus?

A

Aid in visual processing

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17
Q

What is Brodmann’s Area 17?

A

Cuneus

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18
Q

What is the main function of the lingual gyrus?

A

Processing vision

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19
Q

Where is the calcurine sulcus located?

A

Occipital lobe

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20
Q

What connected the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex?

A

Optic radiations

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21
Q

What type of fibres are optic radiation?

A

Projection

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22
Q

What is the main function of the corona radiata?

A

To send and receive messages between regions in the brain

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23
Q

What type of fibres are the corona radiata?

A

Projection

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24
Q

What is the role of projection fibres?

A

Help relay motor and sensory signals between the CNS and the PNS

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25
Where does the superior cerebellar peduncle project to?
Midbrain
26
Where does the middle cerebellar peduncle project to?
Pons
27
Where does the inferior cerebellar peduncle project to?
Medulla
28
What is the main function of a cerebellar peduncle?
To communicate between the cerebellum and the other parts of the CNS
29
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Maintaining balance and posture
30
What spinal tract passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle?
Ventral spinocerebellar
31
What spinal tract passes through the middle cerebellar peduncle?
Afferent fibres (pontocerebellar fibres) from the corticopontocerebellar tract
32
What fibres pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
- Spinocerebellar - medullocerebellar - vestibular
33
What is the name of the branched cerebellar white matter? (resembles tree)
Arbor vitae
34
What is the function of the dentate gyrus?
Formation of episodic memory
35
What is the name of the smallest lobe of the cerebellum and what is its function?
- Flocculonodular lobe | - Balance
36
What does the choroid plexus produce?
CSF
37
What cells line the choroid plexus?
- Pia mater | - Choroid epithelium - modified ependynal cells
38
What is another name for the striate cortex?
Primary visual cortex
39
What is the role of the striate cortex?
Processes visual information
40
What is the Line of Gennari?
Myelinated fibres that form a white line along the calcurine sulcus
41
What gyrus is found above the corpus callosum?
Cingulate gyrus
42
What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?
- Processing emotions | - Behavioural regulation
43
What type of fibre is the corpus callosum?
Commissural
44
What is the cingulum and its function?
A nerve tract passing from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex that allows communication between the limbic system
45
What is the function of the caudate nucleus?
- Planning movement - Learning - Memory - Reward - Emotion
46
What is the function of the putamen?
- Motor control | - Speech
47
What forms the lentiform nucleus?
- Putamen | - Globus pallidus
48
Function of globus pallidus externa?
Processes motor and non-motor information
49
Function of globus pallidus interna?
Controls conscious and proprioceptive movements
50
What is the main function of the thalamus?
To relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
51
What sensory signals are not relayed through the thalamus?
Smell
52
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
Control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
53
Which strucutre is formed of 6 layers, magnocellular and parvocellular, and contributes to the visual system?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
54
What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain?
Cerebral aqueduct
55
What connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricles?
Interventricular foramen
56
What is the fornix composed of?
White matter fibres
57
What is the function of the hippocampus?
- Learning | - Memory
58
What is the name of the three rounded elevations on the inferior surface of the hippocampus?
pes hippocampi
59
What structures combine to form the lentiform nucleus?
- Putamen | - Globus pallidus
60
What structures combine to form the striatum?
- Caudate nucleus | - Putamen
61
What structures combine to form the basal ganglia?
- Caudate nucleus - Putamen - Globus pallidus - Subthalamic nucleus - Substancia nigra
62
Where is the amygdala found?
Anterior tip of the horn of the lateral ventricle of the temporal lobe
63
What is the function of the amygdala?
Processes fearful and threatening stimuli
64
What separates the frontal horns of the left and right ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
65
What structure does the oculomotor nerve pass through to reach the eye?
Interpeduncular fossa
66
What is the name of the dorsal side of the midbrain and what is its function?
- Tectum | - Involved in reflexes that respond to certain visual and auditory stimuli
67
What is the decussation of the pyramids?
Where the axons from the corticospinal tract cross over the midline at the level of the lower medulla and join the lateral corticospinal tract
68
What is the main function of the cerebral peduncles?
- Refining motor movements | - Converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance
69
What connects the cerebellum to the brainstalk?
Cerebellar peduncles
70
What does the corpus striatum consists of?
- Caudate nucleus | - Putamen
71
What is the function of the mammillary body?
Recollective memory
72
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
To facilitate and inhibit movement
73
What does the substancia nigra secrete?
Dopamine
74
What is the function of the substancia nigra?
Regulate motor function
75
What paired arteries supply blood to the brain?
- Vertebral arteries | - Internal carotid arteries
76
What is formed by the anastomosis of the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Circle of Willis
77
The internal carotid arteries are bifurcations of what main arteries?
Common carotid arteries
78
What structure do the internal carotid arteries move within?
Carotid sheath
79
What arterial branches do the internal carotid arteries give rise to after passing through cavernous sinus?
- Ophthalmic artery - Posterior communicating artery - Anterior choroidal artery - Anterior cerebral artery
80
Where does the left optic tract receive information from?
The left temporal retina and right nasal retina
81
What fibres cross at the optic chiasm?
Nasal
82
What fibres do the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway carry?
- tactile sensation - vibration - proprioception
83
What does the anterior spinothalamic tract carry?
Sensory modalities of crude touch and pressure
84
What does the lateral spinothalamic tract carry?
Sensory modalities of pain and temperature
85
Where do the dorsal column-medial lemniscus fibres dessicate?
Medulla
86
What separates the cochlear duct and the vestibular duct?
Vestibular (Reissner's) membrane
87
What is the function of the organ of Corti and where is it found?
- To change sound waves into electrical signals | - Cochlea
88
What is the function of the inferior colliculus?
Sounds localisation
89
What is the function of the superior colliculus?
Turn visual information to motor commands
90
In what structures do hair cells detect head position?
- utricle | - saccule
91
Where is movement detected in the ear?
Semi-circular canals

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