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Heal assessment Exam 3 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Delirium

A

acute disorientation, inattentive, incoherent, impaired recent memory, agitated, hallucinating

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2
Q

Dysphagia

A

inability to safely swallow (high risk of aspiration)

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3
Q

Dysphonia

A

abnormal voice pitch, volume, hoarseness or whispered

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4
Q

Dysarthria

A

distorted and unintelligible pronunciation yet appropriate word choice, grammar, comprehension

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5
Q

Dysphasia

A

receptive/expressive/global language disturbance

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6
Q

Aphasia

A

receptive/expressive/global loss of language

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7
Q

Respective aphasia

A

when someone is able to speak well and use long sentences, but what they say may not make sense. They may not know that what they’re saying is wrong, so may get frustrated when people don’t understand them. The features of Wernicke’s aphasia are: Impaired reading and writing.

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8
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Broca aphasia (unable to speak)

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9
Q

Global aphasia

A

Receptive and Expressive aphasia

They may only be able to produce a handful of words but they can’t read and write

Most common cause: stroke

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10
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slow voluntary movement

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11
Q

Paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation usually felt worse distally (in hands/feet)

burning, prickling, tingling, numbness, skin crawling, or itching)

caused by peripheral neuropathy

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12
Q

Paresis

A

weakness of muscles

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13
Q

Paralysis

A

loss of motor function

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14
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body (right or left)

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15
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of both lower extremities

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16
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Complete loss of muscle tone and paralysis of all four extremities

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17
Q

Flaccidity

A

hypotonia, muscle feels limp, soft, flabby

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18
Q

Spasticity

A

hypertonia, resistance to passive extension

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19
Q

clasp-knife rigidity

A

resistance that may suddenly give way

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20
Q

lead-pipe rigidity

A

constant resistance to passive movement

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21
Q

Cogwheel rigidity

A

resistance is released by degrees during passive extension

22
Q

Abnormal posturing:

Decorticate rigidity

A

indicates hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex

flexion of upper extremities, adduction of arm tightly against thorax

Extension, internal rotation, & plantar flexion of lower extremities

23
Q

Fasciculations

A

rapid continuous twitching of resting muscle or part of muscle without movement of limb (seen by examiner or felt by patient)

24
Q

Myoclonus

A

Single sudden jerky movement of body (normal when falling asleep)

Regularly repeating jerks (hiccups)

Severe: associated with grand mal (tonic-clonic) seizure

25
Q

Chorea

A

jerky, involuntary, purposeless, nonrepetitive, movements (limbs, trunk, neck, face)

26
Q

Tic

A

involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of muscle groups (wink, grimace, head movement, shoulder shrug)

27
Q

Tremor

A

contraction of opposing muscle groups, rhythmic movement of joints

28
Q

rest tremor

A

when muscles are at rest & supported against gravity, ”pill-rolling tremor”, improves with voluntary movement

29
Q

intention tremor

A

worse with voluntary movements

30
Q

Positive Colonus means:

A

repetitive movement (ankle tremor) caused by action of examiner (rapid dorsiflexion)

31
Q

The nervous system consists of

A

Central (Brain and spinal cord) and Peripheral (outside the brain and spinal cord)

32
Q

Protection of the CNS

A 
Cranium
Vertebra
Meninges
        Epidural Space
        Dura Mater
        Arachnoid Layer
       Subarachnoid space - CSF
       Pia Mater
33
Q

Cerebrum consists of

A

2 hemispheres and 4 lobes

34
Q

Four Lobes

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

35
Q

Frontal

A

personality, behavior, emotions, intellectual function

36
Q

Parietal

A

sensation

37
Q

Temporal

A

auditory center

38
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

language comprehension

39
Q

Broca’s area

A

language expression

40
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer or the “gray matter”

Responsible for:
thoughts, memory, reasoning, sensation, voluntary movements

41
Q

Cross representation

A

left cortex is associated with right side of the body and right cortex with left side of the body

42
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Gray matter deep within the two hemispheres

Extrapyramidal system

Initiate and coordinate automatic associated movements (arm swing with walking)

43
Q

Thalamus

A

Main relay station of sensory pathway

Emotions, creativity

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Resp, temp, appetite, sex, HR, BP, sleep, pituitary, ANS

45
Q

Cerebellum

A

Under occipital lobe

Coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium, muscle tone

46
Q

Brain stem

A

Mostly nerve fibers

CN III to XII

Consists of midbrain, pons, medulla
Motor neuron tracks (ascending/descending)

47
Q

Spinal cord

A

Long cylindric structure

Occupies 2/3 of the vertebral canal from medulla to L2

Ascending and descending fiber tracts

Spinal Reflex Arc Centers

48
Q

Peripheral nervous system functions and reflexes

A

Functions
Sensory (Afferent) pathway
Motor (Efferent) pathway

Reflexes
Defense mechanisms
Involuntary
quick reaction to potential dangers, balance, and muscle tone
Three types
1- stretch (myotatic) such as deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
2- superficial (cutaneous) such as plantar reflex
3- visceral (organic) pupillary response to light

49
Q

Where do afferent fibers enter through ?

A

Posterior dorsal roots

50
Q

Where do Efferent fibers exit through?

A

ventral roots

51
Q

Dermatome

A

particular skin areas innervated by each nerve

52
Q

Autonomic nervous system manages

A

smooth muscles
Heart
glands

Afferent and Efferent pathways

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Heal assessment Exam 3 (4 decks)

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