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Patho Exam 3 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is a neuron

A

the basic functional unit of the brain

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2
Q

name the neurotransmitters (5)

A
  1. acetylcholine
  2. serotonin
  3. dopamine
  4. norepi
  5. endorphins
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3
Q

Acetylcholine:

A

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Serotonin:

A

helps control mood and sleep, controls pain pathway

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5
Q

Dopamine:

A

affects behavior (emotions, attention); affects fine movement

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6
Q

Norepinephrine:

A

major transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Endorphins:

A

pleasurable sensation; inhibits pain transmission

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8
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. temporal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
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9
Q

frontal lobe

A

necessary for concentration, abstract thoughts, memory, judgment, affect, inhibitions
• Broca’s area on the left frontal hemisphere, the speech center, different than singing

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10
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory, important for left vs right orientation, size and shape discrimination

penis senses = parietal sensory

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11
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory, plays a role in the memory of sound, understanding language and music

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12
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual interpretation and memory

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13
Q

what composes the brain stem and its functions

A

composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

reflex center for resp, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, swallowing (all PHYSIOLOGIC functioning)

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14
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid, and where is it produced?

A

• This is a clear and colorless produced in the choroid plexus of the ventricles

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15
Q

cerebral circulation - how much comes from cardiac output?

A

• The brain receives about 15% of the cardiac output

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16
Q

cerebral circulation - how does the anterior brain get its blood supply?

A

• originates from the common carotid artery

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17
Q

the cerebellum

A
  • provides smooth and coordinated movements

* controls fine movements, balance, position, and posture

18
Q

name the parts of the brain

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. brain stem
  3. cerebellum
19
Q

cerebral circulation - how does the posterior brain get its blood supply?

A

• by the vertebral arteries branch from subclavian arteries

20
Q

what contains immune and metabolic functions in the brain?

A

in the CSF

21
Q

what is the function of the blood brain barrier

A

• prevents many substances that circulate in the blood from reaching the CNS.

22
Q

how can the blood brain barrier be altered? (3)

A
  1. trauma
  2. cerebral edema
  3. cerebral hypoxemia
23
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord

A

serves as connection between the brain and the periphery

24
Q

how is the spinal cord protected?

A
  • by the vertebral column

* 7 cervical vertebrae; 12 thoracic vertebrae; 5 lumbar vertebrae; sacrum (a fused mass of 5 vertebrae)

25
Q

what composes the peripheral nervous system? (3)

A
  1. cranial nerves
  2. spinal nerves
  3. autonomic nervous system
26
Q

how many cranial nerves

A

12 nerves

  • 3 are sensory
  • 5 are motor
  • 4 are mixed/both
27
Q

peripheral nervous system: function of the ANS and its 2 divisions

A

regulates the activities of the internal organs

SNS vs PNS

28
Q

sympathetic nervous system function

A

fight or flight response
- bronchioles dilate, heart’s contractions become stronger and faster; arteries of the heart and voluntary muscles dilate; peristalsis slow

29
Q

parasympathetic nervous system function

A

dominant controller for most visceral functions

- impulses form parasympathetic fibers predominate during quiet, non-stressful conditions.

30
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory- sense of smell

31
Q

CN II

A

Optic- visual acuity

32
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor- muscle that moves the eye and lid, pupillary constriction

33
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear- muscle that moves the eye

34
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal- facial sensation; corneal reflex; mastication

35
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens- muscle that moves the eye

36
Q

CN VII

A

Facial- symmetry of facial expression; muscle movement of upper and lower face; salivation; taste; tearing; sensation in the ear

37
Q

CN VIII

A

Acoustic/Vestibulocochlear- hearing and equilibrium

38
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal- taste, sensation in pharynx and tongue, pharyngeal muscles, swallowing

39
Q

CN X

A

Vagus- muscles of the pharynx, larynx, soft palate; sensation of the external ear, pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera

40
Q

CN XI

A

(Spinal) Accessory- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

41
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal- movement of the tongue

Patho Exam 3 (9 decks)

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