Neuro Flashcards
Cranial Nerves 1-12
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Acoustic Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal
Olfactory Testing
Ask the patient to close one nostril and eyes and smell for a specific scent in each nostril.
Optic Testing
Snellen Chart
Oculomotor Testing
PERRLA, asses nerve 3, 4, and 6
Trigeminal Testing
Using a fluff cotton swab on each cheek, forehead, and chin. Also asking the patient to open and close their mouth like they are clenching down.
Facial Testing
Ask the patient to smile, frown, show teeth, puff cheeks, close eyes tightly, raise eyebrows.
Acoustic Testing
Whisper test
Glossopharyngeal Testing
Elicit gag reflex
Vagus Testing
Ask the patient to say “ah” soft palate should raise
Accessory Testing
Ask the patient to raise shoulders while applying pressure to the shoulder. Ask the patient to turn head left/right while applying pressure.
Hypoglossal Testing
Ask the patient to stick their tongue out
Levels of Consciousness
Alert Lethargic Obtunded Stupor/ semi-coma Coma
Glasgow Coma Scale
Minor brain injury: 13-15
Moderate brain injury: 9-12
Severe brain injury: 3-8
Coordination Testing
finger to nose
heel to shin
Romberg - have a patient stand, arms at sides, feet together, eyes closed ( can they maintain balance)
Tandem walking - sobriety walk
Motor Testing
Grip strength
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Sensory Testing
Pinprick (sharp/dull)
Kinesthesia - position sense
Fine touch
Reflex grading
0 - no response 1 + - slight response 2 + - brisk response 3 + - very brisk 4 + - repeating reflex (clonus)
Stereognosis
Patient has eyes closed while you place an object in their hand having them feel it and then identify it.
Graphesthesia
Patient has eyes closed while you draw either a number or letter in their palm having them identify the number or letter.
