Neuro 1 Flashcards
How is the central nervous system divided?
Brain
Spinal Cord
How is the peripheral nervous system divided?
- Somatic
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Sensory/Motor Neurons - Autonomic
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Cranial Nerve I
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Olfactory
Sensory
Smell
Cranial Nerve III
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Oculomotor
Motor
Most eye movement
Cranial Nerve II
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Optic
Sensory
Vision
Cranial Nerve IV
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Trochlear
Motor
Moves eye to look at nose
Cranial Nerve V
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Trigeminal
Both
Face sensation, mastication
Cranial Nerve VI
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Abducens
Motor
Abducts the eye
Cranial Nerve VII
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Facial
Both
Facial expression, taste
Cranial Nerve VIII
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing, balance
Cranial Nerve X
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Vagus
Both
Gag, parasympathetic innervation
Cranial Nerve IX
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Glossopharyngeal
Both
Taste, gag
Cranial Nerve XI
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Accessory
Motor
Sholder shrug
Cranial Nerve XII
Name:
Nerve Type:
Function:
Hypoglossal
Motor
Swallowing, speech
How is the brain divided?
Cerebrum - Higher functions
Cerebellum - Balance, posture, coordination
Brainstem - Automatic functions
Four lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal - Personality, behavior, speech, self awareness
Parietal - Language, words, sense of touch, spatial perception
Occipital - Interpretation of visual stimuli
Temporal - Understanding language, memory, hearing
What is the surface of the cerebrum?
Cortex
What are the folds of the cortex called?
Gyri - Peaks
Sulci - Valleys
How much surface of the cortex is composed of grey matter?
40%
How much of the cortex is composed of white matter?
60%
What are the types of glial cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Schwann Cells (only in PNS)
Are most synapses chemical or electrical?
Chemical
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Synaptic vesicles in axon terminal
When are neurotransmitters released?
When Ca2+ enters the axon terminal in response to an action potential
Where do neurotransmitters bind?
Membrane receptors on postsynaptic cell
Where is acetylcholine synthesized?
Pre-synaptic terminal
Examples of cholinesterase inhibitors
Neuostigmine
Pyridostigmine
What is pyridostigmine used for
Treat myasthenia gravis
Cholinergic side effects
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis
Gastrointestinal upset
Emesis
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain and spinal cord
Glutamate
Glutamate actions
Learning/memory
Cognition
Mood regulation
What amino acid does dopamine come from
Phenylalanine
What is dopamine related to
Reward system
Where are dopaminergic neuros located between
Substantia nigra and caudate nucleus/putamen, in limbic system, retina, and olfactory system
How does carbidopa assist levodopa in parkinsons
Carbidopa protects levodopa from early conversion to dopamine outside the brain because dopamine itself cannot cross BBB
