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Anatomy and Phys > neural tissue > Flashcards

neural tissue Flashcards

1
Q

List the four functional units of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS); receptors, effectors

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS

A

Afferent division and efferent division

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3
Q

What are the components of the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the function of the CNS

A

Higher order functions, memory, learning information processing

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5
Q

What is the role of the afferent division

A

carries info to the CNS

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6
Q

What is the role of the efferent division

A

Carries info from CNS to muscles and glands

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7
Q

What is another name for the Afferent division

A

Sensory pathway

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8
Q

The sensory pathways receive data from

A

Special sensory receptors, visceral sensory receptors, somatic sensory receptors

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9
Q

What is another name for the efferent division

A

Motor division

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10
Q

List the components of the motor division

A

Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

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12
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system

A

Control the function of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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13
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous systems

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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14
Q

What ANS division controls in times of stress

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

What ANS division controls in times of relaxations

A

parasympathetic

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16
Q

What is the term for a nerve cell

A

neuron

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17
Q

What neurons carry signals leaving the brain

A

Motor neurons

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18
Q

What neurons carry signals to the brain

A

Sensory neurons

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19
Q

Page 427 labels a, d, g, h, i

A

A- dendrites, D - axon hillock, G - Axon, H- telodendria, I, axon terminals

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20
Q

What are the structural classifications of neurons

A

anaxonic, unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

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21
Q

Describe the differences between anaxonic, unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons

A

anoxinic multiple process all dendrites/ no axon, unipolar single elongated process, bipolar two processes, multipolar more than two processes multiple dendrites

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22
Q

What allows ions to pass through a neuron cell membrane

A

Chemical or electrical gates

23
Q

Define osmosis

A

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from one solution to another solution that contains a higher solute concentration

24
Q

Define diffusion

A

Passive molecular movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

25
Q

Define equilibrium

A

A dynamic state in which two opposing forces or processes are in balance

26
Q

What is the resting potential of most neurons

A

-70 mV

27
Q

What membrane potential triggers action potential

A

-60 mV

28
Q

Another term for action potential

A

Nerve impulse

29
Q

Action potential operates under what principle

A

All or none principle

30
Q

What two ions affect Resting potential

A

K+ and NA+

31
Q

What opens when the action potential threshold is reached

A

Voltage gated sodium channels open

32
Q

What is the name of the electrical flow around an individual part of an axon

A

Local current

33
Q

Define Action Potential

A

A propagated change in the membrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions

34
Q

Define depolarization

A

Shifting the membrane potential to 0

35
Q

Define hyperpolarization

A

Shifting the membrane potential over -70mV

36
Q

Why does an nerve impulse not degrade over distance

A

Repetitive event propagating along the axon

37
Q

Where does action potential begin

A

Axon hillock

38
Q

What are the two types of action potential conduction

A

Saltatory and continuous

39
Q

Describe the difference between Saltatory conduction and continuous

A

Continuous conduction the action potential spreads across the entire membrane in a series of small steps; Saltatory conduction the action potential skips from node to node, moving faster

40
Q

What type of nerve would have Schwann cells myelinated around its axon, why

A

All PNS cell axons

41
Q

Ion with primary influence on RP

A

potassium

42
Q

Ion with primary influence on AP

A

sodium

43
Q

List the types of cell membrane gates

A

Passive or leak channels, chemically regulated, voltage regulated

44
Q

Where are chemically regulated gates located

A

On the dendrites and cell bodies

45
Q

Where are voltage regulated gates located

A

On the axon hillock, the axon, and the nodes ranvier

46
Q

What is the major neurotransmitter affecting sweat glans

A

acetylcholine

47
Q

What are the two forces acting on the cell membrane

A

Diffusion and electrochemical

48
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory post synaptic potential

49
Q

ipsp

A

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

50
Q

The addition of stimuli at a single synapse repeatedly

A

Temporal summation

51
Q

The addition of stimuli at multiple synapses simultaneously

A

Spatial summation

52
Q

Chemical that depolarize cell membrane

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter - acetylcholine and norepinephrine

53
Q

Chemical that hyper polarizes cell membranes

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters - dopamine GABA serotonin

Anatomy and Phys (9 decks)

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