Neural Systems Flashcards
What makes up the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
A neuron
What is the fatty tissue around an axon called?
Myelin Sheath
What are the gaps in the fatty sheath around an axon called?
Node of Ranvier
Name the subdivisions of the autonomic CNS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Name the vertical positional terms of the brain
Dorsal/superior = up Ventral/inferior = down
Name the horizontal positional terms of the brain
Rostral/anterior = front Caudal/posterior = back
The lobe of the brain that is associated with visual processing is….?
The occipital lobe
Name the gap between two connecting neurons
The synaptic cleft
What is the electrical waveform of a neuron called?
An action potential
What is the electrical charge across the axial membrane in the absence of stimulation called?
Resting membrane potential
The likelihood that a neuron will fire an electrical signal given certain chemical and electrical properties, is known as…?
Neuronal excitability
Name two of the ions involved in generating and electrical postsynaptic signal
Sodium and potassium
The enteric nervous system is found where?
Embedded in the lining if the gastrointestinal system which functions independently from then PNS
What are afferent neurons?
Neurons that carry sensory information from receptors to CNS (one way)
What are efferent neurons?
Send motor commands to muscles
What are the subdivisions of efferent signals?
Somatic and autonomic
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Fight and flight
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Rest and digest
What four areas make up the lambic system of the brain?
Cingulate gyrus
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
The central part of a neuron where protein synthesis occurs is called?
The cell body
The nucleus contains what?
DNA/RNA
What are the three types of neuron?
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
What is a membrane potential?
Electrical voltage present across the cell membrane
The resting potential of a neuron is what?
Voltage that is present in a neuron whether it is firing or not
A resting neuron is said to be?
Polarised
What are the 3 stages of an action potential?
Depolarising (peaking)
Repolarising (goes down)
Refractory (stops new AP’s being generated)
