Neural crest cells and head formation

Question 1

What is the neural tube formed by?

Answer 1

formation and fusion of the neural folds, which sink beneath surface ectoderm

Question 2

What does the anterior part of the neural tube expand and form?

Answer 2

forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain form

Question 3

What does the hindbrain develop?

Answer 3

Series of 8 bulges called rhombomeres

Question 4

What do the NCCs from the midbrain and first 2 rhombomeres do?

Answer 4

transform and migrate as two
streams to supply additional embryonic
connective tissue needed for craniofacial
development

Question 5

What does the first stream of ectomesenchyme form?

Answer 5

Face

Question 6

What does the second stream of ectomesenchyme form?

Answer 6

Targeted tp tje first arch which is associated with the formation of the jaws

Question 7

What do NCCs from rhombomere 3 migrate into?

Answer 7

arches that will give
rise to pharyngeal structures

Question 8

Label this diagram

Answer 8

Question 9

Which transcription factor gene reflect the later developmnet of the head in evolutionary terms?

Answer 9

Orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2)
‣
Muscle segment homeobox (Msx)
‣
Distal-less homeobox (Dlx)
‣
BarH-like homeobox (Barx)

Question 11

Where do some NCC pupulations require instructions from?

Answer 11

Local microenvironment

Question 12

What signalling pathwards does the resulting crosstalk involve?

Answer 12

Sonic hedgehog (Shh)
◦
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)
◦
Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmp)