Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
what do acetylchlone receptors bind to?
nicotine and muscarinic
Is nicotine ionotropic of metabotropic?
ionotropic
is muscarinic metabotropic or ionotropic?
metabotropic
what is the main ingredient of belladonna
Atropine
what is atropine?
a receptor blocker that exerts its antagonist effects by binding to muscarinic receptors preventing the effect of acetylcholine
What is curare?
a receptor blocker at cholinergic synapses acting at nicotine receptors
What is Botox?
a neurotoxin released by bacteriu often found in spoiled food
what antagonist effect does botox have?
it is a nicotine antagonist
why is botox deadly?
it blocks the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions
Recurrent collateral inhibition is mediated by
Renshaw cells
What does constituent cognitive process refer to?
each complex cognitive process results from the combined activity of simple cognitive processes
Principle of Antithesis
opposite messages are signalled by opposite movements and postures
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential are?
postsynaptic hyperpolarisations
What do IPSPs do?
decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing
What do EPSPs do?
increase the likelihood of a neuron firing
what are Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
postsynaptic depolarization’s
what is the axon hillock?
conical structure at the junction between the cell body and the axon
What are axodendritic synapses?
synapses of axon terminal buttons on dendrites
What is salutatory conduction?
transmission of action potentials in myelination axons
What are interneurons?
composed of cell bodies or of axons
what are bipolar neurons?
two processes extending from its cell body
what are unipolar neurons?
one process extending from it
what are multipolar neurons?
more than two processes extending from its body
What are axosomatic synapses?
synapses of axon terminal buttons on somas
What is a axoaxonic synapse?
mediate presynaptic facilitation and inhibition
What is dendrodendritic synapses?
capable of transmission in either direction
what is directed synapse in comparison to non-directed synapse?
site of neurotransmitter reception is in close proximity in comparison to far away
what is exocytosis?
the process of neurotransmitter release
what is a ligand?
a molecule that bind to another
what does endogenous mean?
naturally occurring in the body
what is a tripartite synapse?
synaptic transmission that depends on communication among three cells via gap junctions
what is a metabotropic receptor?
a receptor associated with signal proteins and g-proteins
what is an ionotropic receptor?
a receptor associated with ligand-activated ion channels
what are voltage activated ion channels?
ion channels that open/close in response to changes in levels of membrane potential
pressure to enter the cell comes from?
electrostatic pressure or random motion
what happens when molecules bind to postsynaptic?
depolarize of hyperpolarise
molecules binding to postsynaptic receptors have..
graded responses
Where are neurotransmitter released from?
terminal buttons
what kind of release are IPSPs and EPSPs?
detrimental
What it the absolute refractory period?
where it is impossible to elicit a second action potential
what is a relative refractory period?
a second action potential is possible but requires a higher level of depolarization
what are large neurotransmitters?
neuropeptides
Glutamate, asparatate, glycine and GABA are examples of?
amino acid neurotransmitters
monoamines in comparison to amino acids are?
larger and slower
What are examples of catecholamine monoamines?
dopamine, norepinephrine
where are catecholamines synthesised?
the tyrosine
What type of monoamine is serotonin?
Idolamine
