Neural Anatomy

Question 1

What are the two parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 2

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal nerves (31 pairs)

Question 3

What houses the nervous system?

Answer 3

Skull and spine

Question 4

What is grey matter in the brain?

Answer 4

Cell body

CNS
- brain (cortex ands nuclei)
- H-shaped core of the spinal cord

PNS
- ganglia outside CNS

Question 5

What is white matter in the brain?

Answer 5

CNS
- tracts deep in cerebral hemispheres
- funiculi (columns) in spinal cord

PNS
- nerves

Question 6

What are the names of brain folds and grooves?

Answer 6

Gyrus: outward facing bumps
Sulcus: ridges or valleys between bumps

Question 7

What is the Cingulate gyrus?

Answer 7

Important, part of the limbic system (emotions, feelings)

Question 8

What is the insular lobe?

Answer 8

Also known as the Island of Reil

Hidden part of the context important for speech motor planning

Made up of
- short gyri, central sulcus, limen, long gyrus, sand circular sulcus

Question 9

What are the three parts of the brain?

Answer 9

Forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon)

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Hindbrain (metencephalon, myelencephalon)

Question 10

What are the parts of the telencephalon?

Answer 10

2 hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure (sulcus)

Each hemisphere has 4 lobes
- frontal and parietal (central sulcus)
- temporal (lateral sulcus)
- occipital

Question 11

How many layers does the cerebral cortex have

Answer 11

6 - there are different types ands number of neurons in each layer

Organized by columns that make them functional

Question 12

What are Brodmann Areas? And the important ones

Answer 12

Based upon distribution of types and numbers of neurons in the different layers of the cortex (and partially Functional capacity)

Primary somatosensory cortex: 1, 2, 3
Primary motor cortex: 4
Broca’s area: 44, 45
Primary auditory cortex: 41, 42
Wernicke’s area: 22