Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Introduction to computer science > Networks and the Internet > Flashcards

Networks and the Internet Flashcards

1
Q

What does UTP stand for?

A

unshielded twisted pair cable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the categories of UTP cables?

A
  1. Category 5: Up to 100Mbps (Megabits per second)
  2. Category 5e: Up to 1000Mbps (1Gbps)
  3. Category 6: Up to 10Gbps
  4. Category 7: Up to 40Gbps
  5. Category 8: 25Gbps or 40Gbps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cabling is standard for a wired LAN?

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable of various categories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is network data speed usually measured?

A

In bits per second (bps), though sometimes it is shown in bytes per second (Bps), which is 8 times larger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you identify the category of a UTP cable?

A

By looking for a label or printed text on the wire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of connector is used for UTP cabling?

A

RJ-45 connector.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does an RJ-45 connector compare to a standard telephone connector?

A

It is larger and incompatible with phone wire, which uses Category 1 cable and is not suitable for networks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the simplest network connection device?

A

A hub.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a hub do?

A

It takes a signal from one cable and splits it out over multiple cables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a “four-port” hub?

A

A hub that splits a signal into four outputs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does a hub process signals?

A

No, it simply forwards everything it receives to all ports.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is communication through a hub one-way or two-way?

A

Two-way, as ports can also send communication through the uplink connection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are data frames?

A

A unit of data transmitted over a network is called a frame. A frame has a “to” and “from” hardware (MAC) address.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a packet?

A

Similar to a frame, this is a unit of network data that is identified by an IP Address (instead of a hardware address).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a router?

A

A network device that examines IP addresses and directs data to the correct destination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does a router differ from a switch and a hub?

A

A router is more intelligent; it analyzes IP addresses and routes data efficiently.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What function allows a router to block unwanted data?

A

Firewall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a router do with a packet of data?

A

It checks the IP address and sends it only through the correct connection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name some network topologies.

A

Ring, bus, mesh, hybrid, and star.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a network topology?

A

The physical layout of connected devices in a network.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common network topology today?

A

Star topology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does a star topology function?

A

Multiple devices connect to a central switch, which connects to other switches or a router.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are office networks typically structured?

A

Using multiple star networks connected through switches, with a router filtering data at the network edge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What role does the router play in a star topology?

A

It sits at the edge of the private network and filters data to and from the internet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the advantages and disadvantages of wireless networks over wired networks?
Wired: Devices physically limited by cable Wireless: Devices can move more freely within range Wired: Easier to troubleshoot Wireless: Can be difficult to troubleshoot Wired: Fastest data speeds Wireless: Medium data speeds Wired: Much more secure Wireless: Easy to intercept signal Wired: Must purchase cabling Wireless: Only wireless access point must be purchased
26
When were wireless networks made available to the public?
In the 1990s.
27
Do wireless networks still rely on wired connections?
Yes, at some point, wireless signals are translated and sent over a wired network.
28
Which type of network is generally faster, wired or wireless?
Wired networks have historically been faster, but wireless is catching up.
29
Why is a wired network more secure than a wireless network?
A wired network requires a physical connection, while anyone within range can attempt to connect to Wi-Fi.
30
Why is wireless often easier to set up?
It does not require running physical cables.
31
What are the three IEEE standards that are still in prominent use today?
1. 802.11g 54Mbps 2.4GHz 2. 802.11n 600Mbps 2.4GHz and 5GHz 3. 802.11ac 3Gbps 2.4GHz and 5GHz 4. 802.11ad Up to 7Gbps 6GHz 5. 802.11be Up to 46Gbps 1GHz - 6GHz
32
What is the IEEE?
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a professional association that sets technical standards, including for wireless networks.
33
What was the original IEEE standard for wireless networks?
IEEE 802.11, set in 1997.
34
How are new wireless standards named?
By adding letters after "802.11" (e.g., 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac).
35
What is the advantage of the 2.4GHz frequency band?
It travels farther and penetrates obstacles better than 5GHz.
36
What is the advantage of the 5GHz frequency band?
It can carry more data than 2.4GHz.
37
Which protocol can switch between 2.4GHz and 5GHz?
802.11n.
38
Why does backward compatibility increase the price of new network devices?
Because they must support older frequency bands and protocols.
39
What must all devices on a wireless network support for it to use a particular protocol?
The same wireless standard (e.g., 802.11ac).
40
What happens if a device does not support a new wireless standard?
You may need to buy a new network card to take advantage of higher speeds.
41
Name the seven layers of the OSI model.
A- Application layer P- Presentation layer S- Session layer layer T- Transport layer N- Network layer D- Data-link layer P- Physical layer
42
What does OSI stand for?
Open Systems Interconnection.
43
What is the purpose of the OSI Model?
To standardize network communication and provide a framework for how networking technologies work.
44
What is the role of the Application Layer?
It interacts with applications that request network access, usually initiated by a user.
45
What does the Presentation Layer do?
It formats data (e.g., encoding into Unicode) and applies encryption.
46
What is the function of the Session Layer?
It establishes, manages, and synchronizes communication sessions between devices.
47
What does the Transport Layer handle?
It ensures reliable data transmission, error checking, and end-to-end communication.
48
What is the main function of the Network Layer?
It determines the physical route of data packets and uses IP addressing.
49
What does the Data Link Layer manage?
It defines how signals are sent electronically and deals with MAC (hardware) addressing.
50
What is included in the Physical Layer?
The physical devices, wiring, and electrical signals that transmit data.
51
What is Ethernet?
A set of networking standards (IEEE 802.3) used for LANs and WANs.
52
What are Ethernet ports used for?
Connecting Ethernet cables to network devices.
53
Which OSI model layers does Ethernet define?
The Physical Layer (device and signal specifications) and the Data Link Layer (how signals are organized).
54
What does TCP/IP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
55
Which OSI layers do TCP and IP operate on?
TCP works at the Transport Layer, and IP works at the Network Layer.
56
Why is TCP/IP important?
It is the primary protocol of the internet and is used for LAN communication.
57
What are the three required settings for TCP/IP on a network device?
IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway.
58
What is an IP address?
A unique 32-bit (IPv4) or 128-bit (IPv6) address that identifies a device on a network.
59
What is a subnet mask?
A binary number that identifies which part of an IP address is the network ID and which part is the host ID.
60
What is a default gateway?
The router that allows a computer to access networks outside its local network.
61
How does packet delivery work in TCP/IP?
Data is broken into packets, sent through routers, and reassembled at the destination.
62
What is fault tolerance in TCP/IP?
The ability to reroute data if a network path fails, ensuring continuous communication.
63
What is the internet?
The internet is the largest computer network ever created, connecting LANs worldwide via routers and cabling.
64
What role do ISPs play in internet connections?
ISPs connect individual residences and offices to the internet, allowing access to the larger network.
65
What types of cables are used for the internet's backbone?
The backbone uses a mix of copper and fiber optic cables, with fiber optic being faster but less widespread.
66
How is the internet physically connected between continents?
Undersea cables connect continents, using copper and fiber optic cables to transfer intercontinental data.
67
What is the role of satellites in internet communication?
Satellites provide worldwide internet access, although they introduce latency due to the time it takes for signals to travel.
68
What is the TCP/IP protocol used for?
It is used to deliver data to and from devices on the internet, enabling communication across networks.
69
What are the two types of devices on the internet?
Clients (devices using services) and servers (devices providing services).
70
What is the World Wide Web (Web)?
A set of services delivered via web browsers using HTML, including websites, videos, and interactive content.
71
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, which automatically provides IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways to devices.
72
What is DNS and why is it important?
The Domain Name System translates human-readable URLs into IP addresses, allowing access to websites.
73
How does DNS work like a phone directory?
DNS maps computer names (hostnames) to their corresponding IP addresses, similar to a phone directory.
74
What does a URL include?
A URL includes the protocol (HTTP/HTTPS), the hostname, the domain name, and the file path or filename.
75
How is the internet growing?
The internet is expanding through new services like cloud storage, IoT devices, and connecting remote users.
76
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
IoT refers to non-standard devices connected to the internet, including smart devices like light bulbs, vehicles, and home appliances.
77
How many IoT devices are connected to the internet?
Over a billion devices are connected to the internet, including smart home devices, wearables, and security cameras.
78
How can IoT devices improve home management?
Devices like smart thermostats can be programmed to adjust settings automatically, and smart refrigerators can suggest recipes based on available ingredients.
79
What are some examples of IoT devices?
Smart refrigerators, thermostats, wearables, security cameras, smart mirrors, smart TVs, and voice-activated assistants.
80
How do IoT devices communicate with each other?
IoT devices can interact with each other through home networks, such as a fridge sending a command to an oven to preheat.
81
How does a smart thermostat work?
A smart thermostat like Nest can learn your preferences, create schedules, track energy usage, and allow remote adjustments via a smartphone app.
82
What is a potential security issue with IoT devices?
Many IoT devices have default passwords that can be exploited, leading to compromised devices, botnets, and potential security risks like hacking.
83
What is a botnet?
A botnet is a group of compromised IoT devices controlled by a single entity to perform malicious activities, like DDoS attacks.
84
How can IoT devices collect personal data?
IoT devices can track users' habits, including shopping, eating, and movement patterns, raising privacy concerns.
85
What is the role of IoT standards?
Standards like 6LoWPAN help improve IoT device function, security, and energy efficiency, particularly for low-power devices.
86
How is IoT expected to evolve in the future?
IoT will continue growing, with potential for human brain interfaces and increased integration of smart devices into daily life.
87
How is the development of IoT impacting programmers?
Programmers will focus more on creating applications for IoT devices rather than traditional computers or smartphones.

Introduction to computer science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions