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Information technology > Networks And E-communication > Flashcards

Networks And E-communication Flashcards

1
Q

Nodes

A

Networking consists of computing devices

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network

Describes the networking capabilities of a group of computers close to each other

Share files, printers, applications

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3
Q

What does a network need

A

Hardware that acts as a source or sender to a destination or reciever

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4
Q

LANS use cables like?

A

Inexpensive cables

Ethernet cables

Network adaptors

Switches

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5
Q

What’s does network hardware include

A

Nodes(computing devices)

NICS(network interface cards to which media connects(cables)

Connecting devices (switch, bridges, routers, repeaters

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6
Q

What are nodes connected with

A

Transmission media(network media)

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7
Q

3 types of cables

A

Coaxial cable

Twisted pair cable

UnshieldedTwisted pair cable( Ethernet cable)

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8
Q

Are coaxial cables still used today and why are they good??

A

No

Expensive

Most resistant to interference/cross talk

Less noise > less repeaters

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9
Q

Describe coaxial twisted pair cables

A

Core of copper ,surrounded with insulation , braided metal shielding with outer cover

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10
Q

Describe twisted pair cable

A

Consists of two insulated strands of copper twisted around each other

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11
Q

Why is the twisting so effective

A

To prevent electrical interference from other cables and outside sources

Effect against crosstalk

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12
Q

Another term for Unshielded Twisted pair(UTP)

A

Ethernet cables

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13
Q

What is a problem with all types of cabling

A

Crosstalk

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14
Q

What is crosstalk

A

Signals from one line interfering with signals from another line

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15
Q

Is UTP susceptible for crosstalk??

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the problems for copper cables

A

Attenuation(signal strength is lost over distances)

Electro-Magnetic interference (signals from other sources can interrupt the traveling signals in copper cables)

Eavesdropping( signals can be intercepted by outsiders)

Crosstalk( signals can interfere with each other )

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17
Q

What is fibre optic?

A

Communication cable that carries digital data in fonts of pulses of light

No electrician impulses

Cannot be stolen

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18
Q

Why is fibre optic effective

A

High speed, high capacity data transmissions because of lack of attenuation

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19
Q

How does fibre optic work

For how long can they carry a signal

A

Two strands

One to transmit data
Other to receive data

For many kilometers

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20
Q

What is signal mode

A

One mode of transmission

Eliminates overlapping of light waves causing distortion

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21
Q

What is multi mode

A

Light is dispersed into many paths

light/data clashes and makes data incomplete and unclear

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22
Q

What are NICS

A

Network interface cards

Connection between a network cable and a computer

Unique address(MAC) to each computer so that it can be distinguished from all the other network cards on the internet

MAC -media access control if linked to the IP (internet protocol) address

MAC and IP addresses are stored in the ARP(address resolution protocol) ram of the NIC

ARP also stores Mac addresses of other devices so that it knows where the data is coming from

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23
Q

What does the term topology mean

A

The physical set up of a network , how the network devices are connected

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24
Q

3 kinds of topologies

A

Star ring bus

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25
Q

Combination of topology

A

Hybrid topology such as star-ring topology

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26
Q

What is a star topology

A

The cable from the NIC to a hub or a switch has a signal that’s boosted to every computer connected to it through UTP cables or Fibre Optic

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27
Q

Advantages of Star topology

A

Easy to set up and maintain

Prob with one, only stays with one

Add/ remove no prob

Common

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28
Q

Disadvantages of Star topology

A

Large amounts of cabling from nic to hub/switch

Hud/switch fails all fails

HUD/siwtch is costly

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29
Q

What is a bus topology

A

All nodes connect to a single cable which has a terminator at the end to stop the signals from bouncing out. Coaxial cables

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30
Q

Advantages of a bus topology

A

Less cabling

No hub/switch to boost signals

Easy to extend by adding nodes but this disrupts the network

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31
Q

Disadvantages of bus topology

A

Faults are difficult to trace because of 1 main cable

Main cable at fault the whole network shuts down

Can get congested because of 1 main cable

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32
Q

What is a ring topology

A

All nodes are connected to each other in a closed loop

The signals travel in one direction passing through each computer and the computer boosts the signal before sending them to the next computer

2 rings
Signals pass through both
One ring fails
Signals pass through the other

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33
Q

Advantages of ring topology

A

Very orderly network

Duplicates data signals

Can easily create a larger ring network

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34
Q

Disadvantages of ring topology

A

One malfunction all malfunctions

Moves/ additions and changes can disrupt with network

Slower than Star topology

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35
Q

Name 4 network hardware connection devices

A

Switches

Repeater

Bridge

Router

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36
Q

What are switches

A

Boosts signals coming into them and then send them on

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37
Q

What is more commonly used today than switches

A

Ethernet technology

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38
Q

What can Ethernet technology be divided into

A

Frames or packets

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39
Q

What do frames do

A

Store details and source of a destination machines(MAC and IP addresses in NICS)

40
Q

What do the switches look at before sending on a signal

A

They look at the Destination of the frames of data and send only the signal to that specific node with that specific address

41
Q

What is a repeater

A

Used to connect network segments of signals over a long distance because the signal strength weakens (attenuation) and must be boosted

42
Q

Is a repeater intelligent

A

No,

Takes signal and simply boosts it without looking at destination addresses(Mac or ip)

43
Q

What are bridges

A

Grabs a signal, boosts the signal

Looks at destination addresses and if the segments do not have the same protocols the data will not be sent

44
Q

What is the function of a bridge

A

Make intelligent decisions about whether to pass on the signals on to the next segment and must Hereford have the same Protocols

45
Q

What is a router

A

It is a sophisticated device To connect different networks that can use the same protocols

46
Q

What is the functions of a router

A

Boosts signal

Uses nodes addresses to determine the best path for data to travel to their destinations

Can determine best, quickest, most cost-effective route to send data

Can analyze the frame being sent over a network, change how the frame is packaged and then sent to another network or over different types of networks

47
Q

Name two types of LAN technologies

A

Ethernet LAN

FDDI( fibre distributed data interface)

48
Q

What is the most commonly used technology

A

Ethernet LAN

49
Q

How do the nodes communicate in an Ethernet LAN

A

They communicate using short messages called frames

50
Q

What does the Ethernet protocol provide

A

It provides the rules for constructing frames such as size, both sender and receiver addresses

51
Q

What type of access does fast Ethernet use?

A

CSMA/CD media access method

52
Q

How are the nodes normally connected in an Ethernet LAN

A

In Star-hybrid topology

53
Q

What type of cabling does Ethernet LAN use

A

Fibre optic or UTP

54
Q

Where is gigabit Ethernet commonly used

A

In schools, companies, universities and ISP (internet service providers)

55
Q

What can Ethernet replace

A

FDDI ( fibre distributed data interface)

56
Q

What can effect the speed of the Ethernet LAN?

A

Number of nodes in a LAN (many transmissions, more Collins more delays )

Distance between nodes( weakens signal and interference)

Technology used needs to be consistent(new tech or there will be speed problems)

57
Q

What are Ethernet networks called when they use switches

A

Switches Ethernet networks

58
Q

What does FDDI strand for

A

Fibre distributed data interface

59
Q

What is FDDI based on

A

This is based on the outdated token ring media access method where only one network in the node could transmit

60
Q

How did the token ring access method work??

A

A token circulated around the network if a node could transmit it it had the token ensuring no collisions

61
Q

How does FDDI transmit data?

A

By the use of light

62
Q

How does FDDI work using the light to transmit data?

A

Optic rings are used with each ring passions a token in opposite directions

63
Q

How does FDDI transmit

A

At high speeds and over long distances

64
Q

Why are LANs referred to as local

A

It has physical limitations to the distance of the cabling and the number of nodes you can connect to it

65
Q

What are the limitations in a star topology

A

The number of ports on the switch

66
Q

What is another characteristic that can limit LANs

A

The electrical characteristics

67
Q

What must network designers need to create a balance of LANs

A

Type of cabling used

Transmission rates

Signal loss over distance

68
Q

Name another factor that creates limitations for LANs

A

Delay

69
Q

Explain the delay in an Ethernet network

A

The cabling is so long that the workstations don’t detract transmission and therefore causing Collision and corrupted data

70
Q

What are wireless LANs ??

A

A LAN without wires

71
Q

Is wireless network always completely free of cabling

A

No

72
Q

What do most wireless networks consist of

A

The make use of wireless components that communicate with the network through uses of cabling

73
Q

How can wireless networks be set up

A

Independently or in conjunction with existing networks

74
Q

What can wireless networks do

A

Provide temporary connection

Help provide backup to existing network

Some degree of portability

Extreme networks beyond cable capabilities

75
Q

Where are wireless networks more oftenly used

A

In mobile devices

Companies

Places where it is difficult to install cabling

76
Q

How does a wireless network work

A

Each device on a wireless network has a wireless network interface card with a transceiver so that people can communicate on the network

77
Q

What does wifi stand for

A

Wireless fidelity

78
Q

What is wifi

A

A high speed internet and network communication without the use of wires

Is basically wireless LAN

79
Q

Name 6 wireless connections

A

Wireless access points

Hotspot

Wireless bridge

Long range worked bridge

Wireless mesh network(WMN)

Bluetooth

80
Q

What is a wireless access point

A

Fixed wireless base station or access point

81
Q

What does each access point connect to

A

A wired backbone so that users can connect to the internet or other users of other wired network services

82
Q

What doe wireless access points provide

A

Connection to a wired Ethernet

83
Q

What does a access point plug into

A

It plugs into a switch or a router and the signals are sent out wirelessly

84
Q

What is a hotspot

A

Site that offers access to a wireless LAN with the use of a router or wireless access points to to an ISP

85
Q

What is a wireless bridge

A

Easy way to link network segments without cables . Connected to something else that’s wireless

86
Q

Why is wireless bridge beneficial

A

Connects building where laying cables us difficult or buildings are separated by roads etc

87
Q

What is long range wireless bridge

A

When the wireless bridge will not reach far enough to get connection

88
Q

What does WMN

A

Wireless Mesh Networks

89
Q

What are Wireless mesh networks

A

Mesh nodes that share network connection across a large area

90
Q

What are mesh nodes compared to

A

Router

91
Q

How do these mesh nodes work

A

Signal bounces from one node to the next and uses dynamic routing

92
Q

What is dynamic routing

A

Nodes choose the quickest and safest path for the signals to travel

93
Q

What is the biggest advantage of mesh networks

A

They are truly wireless, only 1 node needs to be physically wired to a network connection. That 1 node then shares its connectivity wireless with all the other nodes

The more nodes, further the connection goes and then there’s a cloud of connectivity

94
Q

What is Bluetooth

A

Wireless technology that sends data over short distances

95
Q

How are signals sent

A

From fixed mobile devices creating a Personal Area Network(PAN) with high levels of security

96
Q

When is a LAN a WAN

A

The internet itself

97
Q

What is the function of a Wan

A

To connect users from different LANs

Information technology (1 decks)

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