Networks and Access control

Question 1

What technology does ethernet use?

Answer 1

Packet switching

Question 2

What was ethernet originally designed as?

Answer 2

A shared bus network

Question 3

What does a hub on a network do?

Answer 3

• Connects all segments of a LAN

- > When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied onto all of the other ports

Question 4

What are characteristics of a Hub?

Answer 4

• Everyone on the network can see all the packets

- Only one person can transmit at once

Question 5

What is the difference between a switch and a hub?

Answer 5

• Sends the packets to their intended destination based on the mac address within the packet
• Ports are bi-directional

Question 6

What is a router?

Answer 6

• A layer 3 device

- > They use IP addresses to move packets around

Question 7

What is a default gateway?

Answer 7

The device that connects a local network to the outside world

Question 8

How does a VLAN work?

Answer 8

They operate by grouping machines on a LAN together, so that traffic can only be seen by devices on the same LAN

Question 9

What is a VPN?

Answer 9

A private network connection that is established using an encrypted layered tunnelling protocol

Question 10

What is IPSec?

Answer 10

A layer 3 tunnelling protocol, unlike others that operate at other levels

Question 11

What are examples of other tunnelling protocols?

Answer 11

OpenVPN, L2TP, SSTP, IkEv2 & PPTP

Question 12

When was WPA2 introduced?

Answer 12

2006 - Has been mandatory since on all wifi trademark devices

Question 13

When was WPA3 introduced?

Answer 13

2018

Question 14

How is WPA3 better than WPA2?

Answer 14

• A more secure initial key exchange

- 256/192/128 bit encryption based on mode

Question 15

What does a packet filter do?

Answer 15

Looks at the level of the packets

• The port number (TCP)
• The source address (IP)
• The destination address (IP)
• The protocol of the data (IP)

Question 16

What does a stateful packet filter do?

Answer 16

It will ask if a packet is a start of a new data stream, a singleton or part of an existing stream.

Question 17

What does an application layer firewall do?

Answer 17

• Looks at the application layer rather than the transport layer
• Checks whether the process should accept the connection
• Often implemented with a proxy server