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Computer Science > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a LAN?

A

LAN is a local area network which covers a geographical area located on a single site.
All hardware for LAN is owned by the organisation
LAN can be wired or wireless
E.g. business and schools

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2
Q

What is a WAN?

A

WAN is a Wide Area Network
WAN connects LANS that are in different geographical locations.
WANS are more expensive than LAN to set up
E.g. Internet

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3
Q

What is a PAN?

A 
Personal Area Network 
Very short range 
centered around a single user 
PAN is often wireless 
PAN do not require any additional hardware.
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4
Q

What is a protocol?

A

Protocol is a set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network.

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5
Q

What is a packet?

A

Packet is data sent between networks. Packets contain extra information like the destination and source addresses and a checksum.

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6
Q

What is a network layer?

A

A group of protocols which have similar functions.

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7
Q

What is layer 1?

A

Link layer
Passing data over physical network
responsible for how data is sent as electrical signals over cables, and other hardware
e.g. Wifi

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8
Q

What is layer 2?

A

Internet Layer
Adding IP addresses to data packets, directing them between devices and handling traffic .
Used by routers

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9
Q

What is layer 3?

A 
Transport Layer 
Sets up communication between 2 devices 
splits data into packets 
checks packets are sent and delivered 
e.g. TCP, UDP
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10
Q

What is layer 4?

A

Application Layer
Provides networking services to apps
e.g. turns data to website

e.g. HTTP, FTP, SMTP

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11
Q

What are the advantages of using layers?

A

breaks network communication into managebale pieces - helping developers concentrate on only one area of network

layers are self contained, can change without affecting other layers.

Set rules for each layer means every companies work in the same way.

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12
Q

What is HTTP used for?

A

Hyper text transfer protocol

Used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers.

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13
Q

What is HTTPS used for?

A

HTTP Secure

More secure version of HTTP
Encrypts all info sent and received.

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14
Q

What is FTP used for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

Used to access, edit and move files between devices on a network

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15
Q

What is IMAP used for?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

Used to retrieve emails from a server

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16
Q

What is a SMTP used for?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Used to send emails
Used to transfer emails between servers

17
Q

In general what is TCP and UDP?

A

They are transport layer protocols which control the packaging and unpackaging of data.

18
Q

What is TCP?

A

Transmission Control Protocol
it establishes a connection between the sending and receiving devices.

Splits data into numbered packets that can be reassembled into original data once reached destination.

Communicates with the receiving device to make sure all packets have been transferred correctly.

Sending device gets confirmation when the transfer is complete.

19
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol

It breaks the data down into packets without numbering them.
They read by the receiving device in the order they arrive.
UDP only sends each packet once and doesn’t check with the receiving device.
Saves time, but no way of knowing if packets have gone missing.

20
Q

advantages for UDP AND TCP

A

UDP is suitable for apps that need fast and efficient transmission. e.g. live video

TCP is better when a reliable connection is needed. e.g. downloading files.
Missing data packets can cause files to be corrupted but you wouldn’t have to redownload the whole file.

21
Q

What does IP do?

A

Internet Protocol operates on the internet layer and connects between routers and handles network traffic.

22
Q

What are IP responsible for?

A

They are responsible for directing data packets to their destination across the internet or other IP networks using a process called packet switching.

23
Q

Why is packet switching efficient?

A

It is efficient because there are so many possible routes that each packet can take - packets can reach their receiving device quickly, even if theres heavy traffic.

24
Q

What is Ethernet?

A

Ethernet is a family of protocols that operates on the link layer.
It handles the transmission of data between devices on LANs but Ethernet is specific for wired connections.

25
Q

What is a NIC?

A

Network Interface Card

It is a piece of hardware inside a device that allows it to connect to networks.

26
Q

What are switches?

A

Switches are used to connect devices on a LAN

27
Q

What are routers

A

Routers transmit data between different networks ; most commonly use in the internet.

28
Q

Describe Fibre Optic Cable

A 
Transmit data as light
they are high performance
expensive 
don't suffer interference
transmit over large distances
high bandwidth
29
Q

Describe CAT 5e and CAT6

A

Types of Ethernet cable
Pairs of copper wire twisted - to reduce internal interference
cheaper
decent bandwidth

30
Q

Describe coaxial cables

A

Single copper wire surrounded by a plastic layer
very cheap
low bandwidth

31
Q

What are the pros and cons of networking computers

A 
Pros - 
Sharing files is easier 
Share same hardware
Install and update software on all computers
Communication is cheap and easy 
User accounts can be stored centrally

Cons -
Expensive to set up
Can be vulnerable to hacking
Some computers are dependent on one or more servers
Large networks are difficult to manage and may require employing a specialist to maintain them

32
Q

What is another word for WiFi

A

WLAN - wireless LAN

33
Q

What is a WAP?

A

Wireless Access Point , it sets up a wireless network.

WAP is like a switch that allows devices to connect wireless.

34
Q

What is a USB Dongle?

A

It can be plugged into comps to allow them to connect wirelessly to the internet.

35
Q

What is a HDMI Dongle?

A

It can use wireless networks to stream high quality video to a TV.

36
Q

Describe the pros and cons of wireless networks.

A

Pros - they are convenient , due to automatic connection
Cheaper
Better for environment - as wires are not needed
Easy to add more users
No complex set up

Cons - 
Less secure than wired
Interference due to physical obstructions can reduce signal strength. 
Lower bandwidth 
Less reliable

Computer Science (6 decks)

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