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new comp sci > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is LAN? (3)

A

Local Area Network

  • small geographical area
  • owned by organisation that uses it
  • found in businesses and schools
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2
Q

What is PAN? (3)

A

Personal Area Network
-very short range
(centred around single user)
-usually wireless

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3
Q

What is WAN? (3)

A

Wide Area Network

  • big geographical area
  • hired telecommunication companies that provide infrastructure own it
  • used for international businesses
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4
Q

Benefits of networking computers ? (5)

A
  • sharing files is easier
  • share the same hardware
  • install/update software on all devices at once rather than one by one
  • communicate across network is easy and cheap
  • users can log on from any device
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5
Q

Drawbacks of networking computers?

A
  • expensive to set up (often need a lot of hardware)
  • vulnerable to hacking and malware - easily spread
  • some networks are dependant on servers - if server goes down, disruptive for users
  • large networks are difficult to manage
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6
Q

What is a network protocol?

A

a set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is moved across a network

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7
Q

What are the four layers of a TCP/IP model?

A

1– Link layer
2– internet layer
3– transport layer
4– application layer

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8
Q

What is the link layer ? (+examples)

A

Passes data over physical network. It is responsible for how data is sent as electrical signals over cables, wireless and other hardware.

Wi-Fi, Ethernet

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9
Q

What is the internet layer? (+ examples)

A

Adds IP addresses to data packets, directing them between devices and handling traffic.

IP

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10
Q

What is the transport layer? (+examples)

A

sets up communications between two devices, splitting data into packets and checking they are sent and delivered correctly

TCP, UDP

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11
Q

What is the application layer? (+examples)

A

provides networking services to applications

HTTP, FTP, SMTP, IMAP

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12
Q

What is HTTP (S) ?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
-Found in application layer
-used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers
(Secure – HTTP but it encrypts all information)

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13
Q

What is FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol

  • found in application layer
  • used to access, edit and move files between devices on a network
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14
Q

What is IMAP?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

  • found in application layer
  • used to retrieve emails from a server
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15
Q

What is SMTP?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

  • found in application layer
  • used to send emails and transfer them between servers
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16
Q

What is a leyer?

A

a group of protocols with a similar function.

each layer ‘serves’ the one above it. (doing something on layer 4 triggers something on layer 3 then 2 then 1)

17
Q

What is TCP? (4)

A

Transmission Control Protocol

  • found in transport layer
  • it establishes a connection between receiver and sender devices
  • then splits data into numbered packets ha can be reassembled at their destination, no matter what order they go in
  • communicates with receiver to check all packets have sent, if not it resends them
18
Q

What is UDP? (4)

A

User Datagram Protocol

  • found in transport layer
  • breaks data down into packets WITHOUT numbering them.
  • packets are sent to receiving device and read in the order they arrive (even if that’s not the order they were sent)
  • doesn’t check to see if all packets have arrived and doesn’t resend any
19
Q

When would you use UDP and when would you use TCP?

A

UDP
-live video streaming (cause fast and efficient transmission)
TCP
-downloading files (more reliable and time is not an issue)

20
Q

What is IP?

A

Internet Protocol

  • found in internet layer
  • establishes connection between routers and handling network traffic
  • unique IP addresses are given to every device in an IP network
  • IP directs packets to their destination across the internet or other IP networks
  • Packets are sent between a series of routers which all read the IP address and decide which router it should go to
  • The way packets are sent depends on traffic- (packets take different routes)

new comp sci (8 decks)

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