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IT > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

Topology

A

Physical layout and connections of devices in a network.

Star, bus, ring, mesh, hybrid

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2
Q

Switch

A

A device that connects computers to a central network and allows for communication between these devices.

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3
Q

Router

A

A device that makes internet communication possible between two computers

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4
Q

Modem

A

Is a device that converts data to be transmitted across a communication channel such as ADSL.

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5
Q

WiFi access point

A

Device that gives off radio signals so that a device can connect wirelessly to internet

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6
Q

PAN Network

A

Personal area network:
Few meters in size
Personal devices such as phone,laptop, printer

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7
Q

HAN Network

A

Home area network:
Home based network
More devices that PAN, many connected PAN’s

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8
Q

LAN

A

Local Area network:

Connects devices in a building e.g. school, business

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9
Q

WAN Network

A

Very wide area

Cellphone towers, internet, banking systems

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10
Q

Peer to Peer Server

A
  1. Equal computers
  2. High spec computers
  3. Small amount of computers
  4. Cheap software
  5. Low skill needed for installation
  6. Relatively slow
  7. Non-serious data breeches
  8. No server needed + no admin
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11
Q

Client Server

A
  1. One main server + weaker computers
  2. Expensive software
  3. Large amount of computers can use it
  4. Admin needed
  5. High skill installation
  6. Serious breeches
  7. Good security needed
  8. Very fast performance
    9.
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12
Q

Server

A

A computer that manages resources, memory and file storage as a central service.

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13
Q

URL

A

Identifies a web page with a unique code/name

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14
Q

Gateway

A

Similar to router, but translates between protocols too. E.g NAT connects a private network to the Internet.

Connects multiple networks.

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15
Q

MAC address

A

12 digit hexadecimal number. Assigned to a NIC for use as a network address in a network segment. Unique to different devices and used to identify them on different networks.

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16
Q

DHCP and DNS

A

DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol:
Gives devices IP addresses on a network so that it can communicate with other IP networks. Manages these connections

DNS - Translates name of device into an IP address, association

17
Q

WAP

A

Allows Wi-Fi devices to connect to network. Usually connects to router.

18
Q

Wi-Fi and Hotspot

A

Wi-Fi: facility that allows communication between devices across the internet.

Hotspot: physical location where people can get Internet access using a router.

19
Q

Protocol

A

A rule for internet communication

20
Q

IMAP
POP3
SMTP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol:
Access email from remote web server from a client

Post Office Protocol 3:
Email is held for you by a server

Simple Mail Transmission Protocol:
Send mail to a mail server as a relay

21
Q

IP
TCP
UDP

A

IP - set of rules for routing and addressing packets of data

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) gives a connection to two hosts to share data and have a network conversation.

User Datagram Protocol sends small messages called data grams across a network

22
Q

Frame vs Packet

A

Packet is the basic unit of communications between a sender and destination.

Frames identify data and explain how it should be decoded and interpreted.

Frame is a chunk of data sent across a data link (Ethernet) while a packet is sent on top of it (IP)

23
Q

HTTP and HTTPS

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol defines how pages are transferred over the internet.
S means it’s secure.

24
Q

FTP and WebDAV

A

File Transfer Protocol describes the transfer of files between a client and a server on a network

Web-bases Distributive Authoring And Versioning allows users to collaborate across files on a server.

FTP vs WebDAV

  • WebDAV uses one TCP and is better at bypassing firewalls than FTP
  • WebDAV is slightly faster than TCP when transferring small files
25
Q

Network

A

A set of computers sharing resources that are located or provided by network nodes

26
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Controller is a device that plugs into the motherboard and allows a computer to connect to a network

27
Q

Client Types

A

Thin - Use more resources than it provides
Fat - Provide more resources than it uses
Smart - Internet connected device that allows user’s applications to interact with servers with Web services

28
Q

LBS and GPS

A

Location-Based Services - e.g. ordering an item for delivery
based on your location (Uber) or advertisements based on area

Global Positioning System - use of satellites that connect to the device to triangulate where the device/user is in the world

29
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Use of offsite servers to store data
Cloud Backup - Used in the event of failure onsite or cyber-attacks, etc.
Software as a Service (SaaS) - G-Suite, Office 365, Adobe, etc.

Advantages:
Easy implementation - access anytime, anywhere
No hardware hence costs kept down
Flexibility for growth

Disadvantages:
Requires internet connectivity
Security risks associated with cloud computing

30
Q

Encryption Types

A

Public and private key encryption - SSL

  • SSL uses two keys, one public and one private
  • Item is sent with private key and verified with the user public key
  • Exchange of public keys and the creation of a hash ensures authenticity
31
Q

Digital Currency

A
  • Currencies stored and mangaged on digital platforms
  • Blockchain: Stores transaction records (blocks) in public peer to peer servers (chain)
  • Distributed database: Servers spread out across world but look like one server to the user
  • DLT used to do the PCS cycle for transactions
32
Q

Digital certificates and signatures

A

A signature is used to authenticate that a message was sent by a particular user and not modified by a third party

Certificates binds a digital signature to an entity e.g. personal info of owner, contact details

33
Q

IPv4 vs IPv6

A

4 is a 32-bit address while 6 is a 128-bit address. More possibilities with 6

34
Q

VPN

A

Allows for protected private connection to a public network. Hides user identity. Masks IP address

Adv: anonymity, censorship, access services from outside country

Dis: Account information still kept by VPN provider

35
Q

VPN

A

Allows for protected private connection to a public network. Hides user identity. Masks IP address

Adv: anonymity, censorship,

36
Q

Centralised and distributed networks

A

Centralised: All devices connect to a central server e.g. cloud

Distributed: Servers connected to other servers in different geographical locations.

37
Q

Shaping and Throttling

A

Shaping - certain online activities restricted during peak times of the day

Throttling - Reduces all activities when network is strained

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