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EXCHANGING DATA > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

Define a protocol

A

A set of rules for communication between devices

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2
Q

Define Layering

A

The principle of dividing a complex problem into separate, independent sub-problems

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3
Q

ADV of layering

A
  • Allows the creation and maintenance of parts of a system without having to take the whole system into account
  • Protocols on each layer communicate only with the layers above and below. This means that a protocol on any layer can be changed for another protocol providing it receives and passes data in the same manner
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4
Q

What are the layers in the TCP/IP stack

A

application, transport, internet and link

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5
Q

Purpose of the application layer and examples of protocols

A

Concerned with production and reception of data. Packages data and passes it to the transport layer. HTTP, IMAP, DNS

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6
Q

Purpose of the transport layer and examples of protocols

A

Concerned with making and breaking connections via routers. TCP, UDP

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7
Q

Purpose of the internet layer and examples of protocols

A

Concerned with providing links across different network types. Essential feature of the internet that allows interoperability between all connected systems. IPV4, IPV6

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8
Q

Purpose of the link layer and examples of protocols

A

Passes data to the physical network. It can work with any media such as copper wire, optical fibre and wireless. Wi-Fi, Ethernet

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9
Q

How is IPv4 structured

A

Four 8-bit numbers, represented in denary

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10
Q

How is IPv6 structured

A

Eight 16-bit numbers, represented in hex

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11
Q

What is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A

The main part of a website address, e.g. hodder.co.uk

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12
Q

What is the Domain Name Server (DNS)

A

A method that computers use to find the correct IP addresses given the URL

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13
Q

Describe the steps when looking up the IP address of a URL

A
  • Computer checks its local cache to see if the IP address has previously been found
  • If there isn’t a copy, then it checks one of the root servers
  • If it doesn’t have a copy, it points to a server matching the top-level domain (TLD) like .com or .uk
  • These may point to second level domains
  • Finally comes the authoritative name server that holds the IP address of the server being sought. This is sent back to the browser so it can visit the site
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14
Q

Define LANs

A

Local Area Networks are networks over a defined and limited location

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15
Q

Define WANs

A

Wide Area Networks cover a large geographical area

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16
Q

Define circuit switching

A

A pathway for the data is set up in advance of communication and then data is sent across it. The pathway is closed after transmission

17
Q

Define packet swithcing

A

Packages of data are sent across a network. They may take different routes and are reassembled by the receiver

18
Q

Define data packets

A

Data is broken down into chunks called packets when sent across a network

19
Q

How is a data packet split

A

Header, Payload and Trailer

20
Q

What does the header contain

A

Source address, destination address, packet sequence number and protocol

21
Q

What does the payload contain

A

Data

22
Q

What does the trailer contain

A

Checksum and End of packet marker

23
Q

Define hacking

A

The process of gaining unauthorised access to a computer system

24
Q

What is a firewall

A

Software or hardware that can inspect and block incoming and outgoing network data

25
Q

What is a proxy

A

A server that sits between a network and the internet, through which internet data requests are made

26
Q

What is a NIC

A

Network Interface Card allows a computer to connect to a network

27
Q

What is a router

A

Connect networks to the internet

28
Q

What is a hub

A

Connects devices together to form a network and broadcasts all data to all possible destinations

29
Q

What is a switch

A

Connects devices together to form a network and directs data only through the port to which the destination device is connected

29
Q

What is a wireless access point

A

A device that is connected to a wired network and then provides a wireless signal

EXCHANGING DATA (3 decks)

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