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networks Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a network?

A

devices connected together that can exchange data and share resources with each other

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2
Q

what does LAN stand for?

A

local area network

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3
Q

what is a LAN?

A

network that covers a small geographical area located on a single site

all the hardware for a LAN is located by the organisation that uses it

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4
Q

examples of LANs?

A

schools
businesses
universities

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5
Q

what does WAN stand for?

A

wide area network

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6
Q

what is a WAN?

A

a network that connects LANs from different geographical locations

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7
Q

example of a WAN?

A

a business with offices in three different countries would need a WAN

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8
Q

why use a LAN/WAN?

A

sharing files is easier

share the same hardware (printers etc)

internet connection can be shared

user accounts stored so you can log in on any device on the network

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9
Q

hardware that makes up a network?

A

switch
router
network interface controller (NIC)

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10
Q

what is a switch?

A

they connect devices on a LAN

receive data from one device and transmit this data on the same network with the correct MAC address

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11
Q

what is a router?

A

transmit data between networks

direct packets to their destination

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12
Q

what is a network interface controller? (NIC)

A

internal piece of hardware that allows a device to connect to a network

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13
Q

what is an ethernet network?

A

a wired network

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14
Q

example of ethernet cables?

A

copper cables

coaxial cables

fibre optic cables

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15
Q

what is a copper cable?

A

twisted pair of cables containing 4 pairs of copper wires

reduces internal interference

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16
Q

what is a coaxial cable?

A

single copper wire surrounded by a plastic layer and metallic mesh

provides shielding from outside interference

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17
Q

what is a fibre optic cable?

A

transmit data as light

high performance over large distances

dont suffer interference

expencive

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18
Q

what is a wireless network

A

uses radio waves to transmit data between devices

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19
Q

advantages of wireless networks?

A

more convenient as you can move around and stay connected

cheaper as fewer wires

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20
Q

wireless network topologies?

A

bluetooth

wi-fi

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21
Q

what is bluetooth?

A

a direct connection between two devices so data can be shared

short range of connection

low bandwidth

often used between phones

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22
Q

what is wi-fi?

A

can be used by multiple devices to connect to a LAN at the same time

larger range of connection

high bandwidth

often used at home

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23
Q

what is a wireless access point? (WAP)

A

a switch that allows devices to connect wirelessly (for wi-fi)

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24
Q

what is a client server network?

A

a network managed by a SERVER which connects to devices called CLIENTS

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25
Q

what do clients do on a client server network?

A

request data from the server

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26
Q

what do servers do on a client server network?

A

process requests from clients and respond

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27
Q

what does a client server network store?

A

user profiles

passwords

access information

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28
Q

advantages of a client server network?

A

easy to keep track of files as they are stored centrally

easy to perform backups and update software

easy to manage network security

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29
Q

disadvantages of client server networks?

A

expensive to set up and needs maintenance by IT specialists

if the server goes down all clients lose access to their work

server can become overloaded if too many requests are sent at once

30
Q

what is a peer to peer network?

A

they connect directly to each other without a server

31
Q

advantages of a peer to peer network?

A

easy to maintain

no dependance on a server if one fail the whole network isnt lost

32
Q

disadvantages of a peer to peer network?

A

updates have to be done individually

less reliable

device slows down when another accesses ut

33
Q

what is a topology?

A

the layout of a network

34
Q

what is a star topology?

A

all the devices are connected to a central switch or server that controls the network

35
Q

advantages of star topology?

A

if one device fails the rest are fine

easy to add more devices

better performance, goes straight to the central device

36
Q

disadvantages of a star topology?

A

in a wired star every device needs a cable to the central device

expensive for wires if theres lots of devices

if the server/switch goes down, it all stops

37
Q

what is a mesh topology?

A

all devices are connected without a server/switch in the centre

data is sent along the fastest route

38
Q

advantages of mesh network?

A

if one goes down the data gets sent along a different route

39
Q

disadvantages of mesh topology?

A

its expensive, requires lots of wires

40
Q

what is a full mesh?

A

all devices connect together

41
Q

what is a partial mesh?

A

not all devices are fully connected

42
Q

what is a network standard?

A

agreed requirements for hardware and software

43
Q

why are network standards important?

A

allow manufacturers to create products and programs that will be compatible with others

44
Q

what is a network protocol?

A

a set of rules for hoe devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network

45
Q

what is a MAC address?

A

they are unique, cannot be changed and assigned to every device by the manufacturer

46
Q

what id an IP address?

A

used when sending data between networks

assigned either manually or automatically before the device can access the network

47
Q

what is the internet?

A

a network of networks, a huge WAN which connects networks from all over the world

48
Q

what is a domain name service? (DNS)

A

used to translate website domain names into IP addresses

49
Q

what is the cloud?

A

uses the internet to store files and applications

50
Q

advantages of the cloud?

A

can access through any connected device

easy to increase storage

updates automatically

51
Q

disadvantages of the cloud?

A

needs connection to the internet

dependent on host

can be vulnerable to hackers

52
Q

what is an insider attack?

A

someone within the organisation exploits their network access to steal info

53
Q

what is a brute force attack?

A

use of automated software to crack passwords through trial and error

54
Q

what is a denial of service attack? (DoS)

A

flooding the network with useless requests making the network extremely slow or completely inaccessible

55
Q

what is phishing?

A

emails, texts, calls trying to get infi

56
Q

what is malware?

A

malicious software

can be installed on a device without consent

57
Q

examples of malware?

A

locking files
deleting files
spyware - monitors actions
opening backdoors for future hacking

58
Q

what are the three ways malware can access a device?

A

viruses

worms

trojans

59
Q

what is a virus?

A

attach to files and users spread them by copying infected files and activate them by opening said files

60
Q

what are worms?

A

they self replicate without user help meaning they spread really quickly

61
Q

what are trojans?

A

malware disguised as legitimate software, users install them not realising their hidden purpose

62
Q

what is social engineering?

A

a way of getting information by influencing people, typically over the phone

63
Q

what is SQL injections?

A

SQL - structured query language
(main coding language)

pieces of SQL typed into a websites input box which reveals information

SELECT, WHERE

64
Q

types of prevention?

A

penetration testing
encryption
firewall
anti malware software
strong passwords

65
Q

what is penetration testing?

A

when organisations purposefully hack their own networks to reveal weak areas

66
Q

what is physical security?

A

protects the physical parts of a network from damage

67
Q

examples of physical security?

A

locks
CCTV
passcode doors
motion sensors

68
Q

what is anti malware software?

A

designed to find and stop malware from damaging a network and the connected devices

69
Q

example of anti malware software?

A

firewalls - examine all data entering and leaving the network

anti virus - isolate and destroy viruses

70
Q

what is encryption?

A

translating data into code where only somebody with the correct key can access it

computing gcse (4 decks)

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