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Comp Sci > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

Define Network

A

2 or more computers that are connected together

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2
Q

Define stand-alone computer

A

When a computer is not connected to anything else

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3
Q

5 advantages of a network

A
  • share files
  • share peripheral devices
  • Share Internet connection
  • users can communicate
  • access files more than one device
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4
Q

5 disadvantages of a network

A
  • need a manager to run it
  • servers and cables are expensive
  • malware can spread easily
  • Security risk to data
  • Computers, run slower if a lot of data traveling through network
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5
Q

What are standards

A

Software and hardware specifications that manufactures follow in order to make the devices compatible with other devices

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6
Q

De Jure standard

A

These are standards that are regulated by official bodies EG form of HTML

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7
Q

De Facto standards

A

Not regulated by officials, however used by popularity for eg, webpage font

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8
Q

Network protocol

A

Set of rules that allow computers to communicate with each other

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9
Q

7 types of networks

A
  • HTTP
    -HTTPS
    -FTP
    -SMTP
    -POP
    -IMAP
    -SSH
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10
Q

HTTP?

A

Hyper text transfer protocol

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11
Q

HTTPS?

A

More secure version of HTTP, has an encryption an authentication Layer

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12
Q

FTP?

A

Used for sending files between computers

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13
Q

TCP? And IP?

A

TCP- responsible for the breakdown of data into packets
IP- responsible for routing the data packets to the correct destination

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14
Q

SMTP?

A

If mail recipient is on a different domain, SMTP is used to forward the email on to the recipients mail server

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15
Q

POP

A

Post office protocol – after emails are retrieved. They are transferred to the local computer and then delete it from the server. Email cannot access on other devices.

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16
Q

IMAP

A

Internet message access protocol Dash Chiefs emails from receivers email server but once download it email is retained on server

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17
Q

what is the World Wide Web?

A

Collection of webpages, and other files stored on Web servers

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18
Q

Purpose of domain names

A

Their names are given to website so the user does not have to remember the IP address

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19
Q

Different parts of the domain name

A

Top level domain and subdomain

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20
Q

Benefit of having DNS system

A

Enables domain names to be entered by the user and converted to the IP address of the Web server of where it is stored

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21
Q

Explain how DNS system works

A

Request is for sent to DNS resolver, resolver checks cache to see if it holds the URL, if it does not, then it is passed to the TLD name server, this server also checks cache. If it cannot see it, it passes it onto authoritative name server.

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22
Q

LAN

A

Used to refer to a network that is formed when devices within the same building or site are connected

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23
Q

WAN

A

When two or more networks are connected over a large geographical area

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24
Q

Packets and data transmission

A

Data that is broken down into smaller, equal size parts that Is sent from one computer to another

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25
Q

Data the packet contains

A
  • payload
  • protocol
  • senders IP address
  • Receivers IP address
  • Packet sequence number
  • Number of packets
    -Check sum
26
Q

Circuit switching

A

Temporary dedicated link between the source and destination, all data travels along the same dedicated path

27
Q

TCP/ IP protocols stack

A

Complex set of requirements needed to transmit data from one device to another

28
Q

Application layer

A

Select appropriate protocol for what application is being used

29
Q

Transport layer

A

Responsible for establishing an end and connection

30
Q

Network layer

A

Prepares a data for the Internet with IP address and destination IP address are added

31
Q

Link layer

A

Physical connection between network devices, transport in the packets

32
Q

Client – server

A

Powerful computer called server and a number of client computers that connect to it

33
Q

Advantages of client/server

A

Easier to manage file security
Easier to back up shared data
Easier to install updates on all computers

34
Q

Disadvantages of client/server

A

Expensive to set up
Expensive to maintain
Server is a single point of failure

35
Q

Peer to peer

A

No central server, and all computers have a equivalent capabilities And access rights.

36
Q

Advantages of peer to peer

A

Easy to maintain
Specialist stuff not required
Cheaper to set up

37
Q

Disadvantages of peer to peer

A

Network is less secure
Users manage their own back ups
Difficult to maintain well ordered files

38
Q

Malware

A

Code that is written with intent to frustrate Or harm, deleting files, corrupt files, encrypt files

39
Q

Virus

A

Virus attaches itself to legitimate host program and activate when the program runs

40
Q

Worm

A

Similar to virus, but does not require a host program to spread. They are self replicating.

41
Q

Trojan

A

Disguised as a legitimate program and tricks, use it into executing it
(payload is released and creates a back door)

42
Q

Spyware

A

Leaks data from the computer system back to the creator of the software

43
Q

Ransomware

A

Lock you out of your computer until you pay a ransom

44
Q

Denial of service attack

A

Server is bombarded with multiple requests, causing server to become overwhelmed

45
Q

Hackers

A

Somebody who deliberately gains unauthorized computer access

46
Q

SQL injection

A

Designed to exploit vulnerabilities poorly coded database applications

47
Q

Social engineering

A

Manipulation technique that exploits human error

48
Q

Firewall

A

Monitors traffic coming in and out of the net work, can be implemented in both hardware and software, it can also block certain ports and inspect packets of data

49
Q

Passwords

A

Prevent unauthorized access to a system

50
Q

Anti – malware software

A

Performs a scan of a directory to detect and report malware, user can then remove malicious software, need to keep up-to-date

51
Q

Proxy server

A

Set between device and firewall, provides anonymity to client and keeping their IP address hidden

52
Q

Encryption

A

Turns playing text into an unreadable form

53
Q

Network hardware

A

Hardware dedicated to set up a network

54
Q

NIC(network, interface controller)

A

Responsible for collecting a device to an network

55
Q

Switch

A

Received, analyzes and redirect signals

56
Q

Hub

A

Repeat messages to all connected devices

57
Q

Routers

A

When communication happens with two networks, the router determines the path

58
Q

Modem

A

Modulates, electrical signals

59
Q

Network access device

A

Makes it possible to connect to Internet

60
Q

Transmission data

A

Copper cables or ethernet cables

61
Q

Wireless access point

A

Provides bridge between wired network connection, and other wireless devices

Comp Sci (12 decks)

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