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GCSE Computer Science AQA > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a computer system?

A

Two or more computers , that are CONNECTED together that are able to exchange data with each other. Allowing software and hardware to be shared.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of networks?

A

🟢communication eg: emails & text messages
🟢file sharing , eg: stored centrally and worked upon centrally
🟢hardware sharing , eg printers , making it more cost effective
🟢user account allow you to log in from any device
🟢installing software centrally , takes less time

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3
Q

What are some disadvantages of networks?

A

🟣expensive to set up as a lot of hardware is required. eg: NIC cards, switched , cables
🟣vulnerable to hacking and malware which can spread to networked computers
🟣hard to maintain and install , may require employing a specialist

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4
Q

Describe a PAN

A

Personal area network:
- very short range(few meters)
- cantered around 1 user
A network that is spread over a very small area used to connect personal devices
🟡don’t require additional hardware, can used them on the move
🟡often wireless technology eg: Bluetooth

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5
Q

Describe a LAN

A

Local area network
🟡small geographical area located on a single site
🟡wired or wireless
🟡owned an maintained by the organisation

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6
Q

Describe a WAN

A

Wide area network
🟡A combination of LANs in different geographical locations
🟡expensive as they need to hire infrastructure
🟡under collected or distributed ownership

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7
Q

What is a WLAN?

A

A wireless local area network

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8
Q

What is a wireless network?

A

A network that connect computers to a network through electromagnetic ☢️ radiation

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9
Q

What is a wired network?

A

Makes use of physical wire to connect computers to the network

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10
Q

Advantages wireless 🟢networks:

A

🟢Wireless are cheaper to set up.
🟢Wireless also requires less information and installation is automatic.
🟢wireless can add people more easily

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11
Q

Advantages of wired networks🔴

A

🔴wired have a larger transmission speed, higher bandwidth, more reliable
🔴wired are more secured. As physical connection is needed to intercept data
🔴wired have no interference from other Wireless networks or physical obstructions like walls

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12
Q

What is a NIC?

A

Network interface card, a piece of hardware inside a device that allows it to be connected to devices

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13
Q

What is a WAP?

A

Wireless access point
Needed in wireless networks
Basically a switch needed to connect devices wirelessly

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14
Q

What are switches?

A

Used to connect devices within a LAN to form a network
Device can access the switch simultaneously

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15
Q

What are routers?

A

Transmit data between different networks
Used to connect to the internet

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16
Q

Compare fibre optic cables and copper cables

A

Fibre: transmits dat as light.
More expensive but higher bandwidth
No interference and very large distance

Copper :
cheaper but have lower bandwidth

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17
Q

Describe a star topology

A

All devices are connected to a central switch or server, controlling the network. Can be wired or wireless

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18
Q

What is a node?

A

A device connected to a network

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19
Q

Star network pros and cons

A

✅if a device fails the network is unaffected
✅fewer data collisions as all devices can transmit data at the same time
✅easier to add devices
✅packets only sent to intended devices
❌expensive as it requires a switch and other hardware
❌problem with switch then the whole network is affected

20
Q

Describe a bus network

A

Use a single ‘backbone ‘ cable to connect all devices.
Two terminator at the end to stop data reflections (interference)

21
Q

Pros and cons of Bus networks

A

✅if one device fails the network remains unaffected
✅cheap to set up and maintain
✅not dependant on a switch
❌frequent data collisions slowing the network down
❌unsuitable for large networks as too many data collisions
❌network fails if the backbone cable is broken

22
Q

Define network protocols

A

A set of rules that determine how devices communicate the transmission of data across a network

23
Q

Describe Ethernet

A

🔌A family of protocols
🔌 manages data transfer for wired LANs

24
Q

Describe HTTP

A

Hyper text transfer protocol
Used by web browsers to access websites / communicate with web servers .

25
Q

Describe HTTPS

A

Hyper text transfer protocol secure
A more secure version of HTTP, as it uses encryption . The web browser will check the web servers security certificate and ensure it is legitimate. This means that it is not possible to eavesdrop

26
Q

Describe FTP

A

File transfer protocol
Used to access , edit and move files between devices on a network, other devices
eg: to access files on a server from a client computer

27
Q

What does IMAP do?

A

IMAP- internet message access protocol:
Retrieves emails from a server

28
Q

What is TCP and how does it operate

A

Transport control protocol
Splits data into numbered packets to be sent over a network

29
Q

What is UDP and how does it operate?

A

User diagram protocol
Splits data into packets to be sent over a network, without numbering them

30
Q

Describe the differences between UDP and TCP

A

TCP is more reliable
UDP is more faster and efficient used for live video streaming

31
Q

Describe Wi-Fi

A

🔴A family of related protocols
🔴wireless data transfer on WLANs(wireless lAN)

32
Q

Describe IP and it’s purpose

A

Internet protocol,
🟣give them an IP address ,
🟣used to route the journey for packets by according to traffic

Responsible for packet switching
An IP adresss is a number code gIven to every device in the network

33
Q

What is the 4 layer TCP/IP model?

A

Application layer
Transport layer
Internet layer
Link layer

34
Q

What does the application layer do , and what are some examples?

A

Network applications like web browsers or email programs operate

Eg: HTTP, HTTPS,FTP,SMTP.IMTP

35
Q

What does the transport layer do, and what are some examples?

A

🔵sets up communication between 2 hosts
🔵make the size of packets
Eg:TCP,UDP

36
Q

What does the internet layer do, and what are some examples?

A

🔵addresses and packages the data for transmission
🔵routes the packets across the network

Eg: IP

37
Q

What is the link layer, and what are some examples?

A

Passing data over a physical network, data sent as electrical signals over cables , wireless and other hardware
🔵network hardware is located

38
Q

What is authentication, when would it be used?

A

🟣takes one or more specific data from a user
🟣only allows access to the system if credentials are valid
Preventing unauthorised access

eg: username and password

39
Q

What is encryption and when would it be used?

A

🔢the process of disguising a message so that it cannot be understood by anyone but its intended recipient
Eg: ceaser cipher, web browsers

40
Q

What is firewall , and when is it used?

A

🔥 acts as a barrier
🔥 Examines all packets entering and leaving
🔥 identifying potential threats from packets using security rules and blocking unwanted data

Software or hardware

41
Q

What is MAC address filtering and when is it used?

A

🔵takes a MAC address for each device
🔵checks to see if it is in the list of allowed , and on that basis gives it permission to connect to the system

42
Q

What is the purpose of a terminator?

A

Absorbs signals and stops data reflecting back along the bus

43
Q

Compare bus and star

A

🚎 isn’t reliant on central switch/server, ⭐️ will completely fail if central device stops working
🚎 less cabling (no switch) and so are cheaper than a ⭐️

⭐️ all devices can access the switch simultaneously, so there are no data collisions, 🚎 data collisions are common

44
Q

What does SMTP do?

A

Simple mail transfer protocol:
Sends emails to a server

45
Q

What is an IP address?

A

Identifies devices on the internet
Used by routers to direct the packets to their location

46
Q

When is UDP deemed better ?

A

🟡does not establish a connection between the two devices, making transmission quick
🟡does not require retransmission of lost/corrupt packet, making transmission quick

47
Q

Why is network security important?

A

🟠prevent cyber attacks(targeting specifics)
🟠prevent unauthorised access
🟠protects data and programs against damage

GCSE Computer Science AQA (13 decks)

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