Networks Flashcards
What is a protocol?
A Protocol is a set of rules.
What is the Internet?
The internet is multiple inter-connected networks.
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
The World Wide Web are servers that store files and folders.
Difference between Iteration and Selection
Iteration means that something will repeat until the condition is met. Whilst selection will provide a choice that rewards different paths that may or may not give different outcomes.
What does DNS stand for?
DNS = Domain Name Server.
What does ISP stand for?
ISP means Internet Service Provider
What does URL stand for?
URL means Uniform Resource Locater
What is an IP?
IP is an internet address. Can also mean Internet Protocol!
What is a backbone?
A backbone are the cables that physically connect the servers together.
How search engines work?
When a user requests to visit a website. The request goes to their ISP and looks at their DNS servers to check if the IP is located in their server. If not, they will look into more and deeper DNS servers in order to find the IP and provide you with the URL to the website. When it is found, it returns to the ISP and the ISP sends a signal to your PC, receiving the URL and leading you to the website.
What is TCP?
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides error-free transmission between 2 routers.
What is UDP?
The User Datagram Protocol is a simple, connection-less transmission between 2 routers. Exchanges loss of data for fast data transfer speeds.
What is HTTP and the HTTPS protocols?
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Secure) are ways for clients and servers to send and receive requests, also to deliver HTML web pages. The secure version adds in encryption and authentication.
What is a FTP?
The File Transmission Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used for sending files between computers, normally on a wide area network (WAN).
What is an IMAP?
The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) keeps emails on the mail server, maintaining synchronicity between devices.
What is POP?
The Post Office Protocol (POP) retrieves emails from a mail server and transfers them to your device, removing them from the server in the process.
What is SMTP?
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) transfers outgoing emails between servers and from email clients to servers.
Difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
A MAC address tells someone who you are, whilst an IP address tells someone where you are.
Which protocols are in the application layer?
FTP, HTTP/S, SMTP, IMAP
Which protocols are in the Transport Layer?
TCP, UDP
Which protocols are in the Internet Layer?
Just the IP
What is the Application layer?
Different applications require different protocol use for appropriate communication. Contains the application data and the protocol is should be sent in. (HTTP or SMTP)
When debunking incoming data, it will simply display the final data constructed in Transport Layer.
What is the Transport Layer?
Sets up communication between 2 hosts - they agree on settings like packet sizes. Breaks down data into either TCP segments or UDP datagrams depending on where the data is going. TCP for email and web pages whilst UDP for video streaming or gaming.
TCP segments are often referred to as TCP packets. Having a header (data used for transport) and a payload (actual data)
When debunking incoming data, it will remove the port number and reassemble the packets back into its original form. Receives these packets from the Network layer.
What is the Internet/Network Layer?
Accepts given segments/datagrams and encapsulates them in a suitable package so they route to the right destination. Source and destination IP addresses are added.
When debunking incoming data, it will remove the source and destination IPs.
