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CS Yr 13 > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A Protocol is a set of rules.

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2
Q

What is the Internet?

A

The internet is multiple inter-connected networks.

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3
Q

What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A

The World Wide Web are servers that store files and folders.

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4
Q

Difference between Iteration and Selection

A

Iteration means that something will repeat until the condition is met. Whilst selection will provide a choice that rewards different paths that may or may not give different outcomes.

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5
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

DNS = Domain Name Server.

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6
Q

What does ISP stand for?

A

ISP means Internet Service Provider

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7
Q

What does URL stand for?

A

URL means Uniform Resource Locater

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8
Q

What is an IP?

A

IP is an internet address. Can also mean Internet Protocol!

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9
Q

What is a backbone?

A

A backbone are the cables that physically connect the servers together.

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10
Q

How search engines work?

A

When a user requests to visit a website. The request goes to their ISP and looks at their DNS servers to check if the IP is located in their server. If not, they will look into more and deeper DNS servers in order to find the IP and provide you with the URL to the website. When it is found, it returns to the ISP and the ISP sends a signal to your PC, receiving the URL and leading you to the website.

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11
Q

What is TCP?

A

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides error-free transmission between 2 routers.

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12
Q

What is UDP?

A

The User Datagram Protocol is a simple, connection-less transmission between 2 routers. Exchanges loss of data for fast data transfer speeds.

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13
Q

What is HTTP and the HTTPS protocols?

A

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Secure) are ways for clients and servers to send and receive requests, also to deliver HTML web pages. The secure version adds in encryption and authentication.

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14
Q

What is a FTP?

A

The File Transmission Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used for sending files between computers, normally on a wide area network (WAN).

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15
Q

What is an IMAP?

A

The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) keeps emails on the mail server, maintaining synchronicity between devices.

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16
Q

What is POP?

A

The Post Office Protocol (POP) retrieves emails from a mail server and transfers them to your device, removing them from the server in the process.

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17
Q

What is SMTP?

A

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) transfers outgoing emails between servers and from email clients to servers.

18
Q

Difference between a MAC address and an IP address?

A

A MAC address tells someone who you are, whilst an IP address tells someone where you are.

19
Q

Which protocols are in the application layer?

A

FTP, HTTP/S, SMTP, IMAP

20
Q

Which protocols are in the Transport Layer?

A

TCP, UDP

21
Q

Which protocols are in the Internet Layer?

A

Just the IP

22
Q

What is the Application layer?

A

Different applications require different protocol use for appropriate communication. Contains the application data and the protocol is should be sent in. (HTTP or SMTP)

When debunking incoming data, it will simply display the final data constructed in Transport Layer.

23
Q

What is the Transport Layer?

A

Sets up communication between 2 hosts - they agree on settings like packet sizes. Breaks down data into either TCP segments or UDP datagrams depending on where the data is going. TCP for email and web pages whilst UDP for video streaming or gaming.

TCP segments are often referred to as TCP packets. Having a header (data used for transport) and a payload (actual data)

When debunking incoming data, it will remove the port number and reassemble the packets back into its original form. Receives these packets from the Network layer.

24
Q

What is the Internet/Network Layer?

A

Accepts given segments/datagrams and encapsulates them in a suitable package so they route to the right destination. Source and destination IP addresses are added.

When debunking incoming data, it will remove the source and destination IPs.

25
Q

What is the Link layer?

A

The IP packet from the internet layer is further encapsulated into an Ethernet frame which is designed to be transported across a local network.

When debunking incoming data, it will remove the MAC address.

26
Q

What is a multi-user system?

A

Multi-user systems allow clients to access student attendances and behaviours. Mostly used in schools ^. Most of these systems are database systems, allowing a range of access restrictions to be put in place.

27
Q

What is a central backup procedure?

A

Some networks allow important systems to be mirrored so that there is a duplicate of the system. If the system was to ever fail, they can rely on the duplicate system.

28
Q

What is a server?

A

A server is a program on a computer that shares resources with, or provides services to, any authorised client

29
Q

What are some of the advantages of Networks?

A

+ ability to share expensive hardware devices
+ ability to share files
+ ability to have multi-user systems

30
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of Networks?

A
  • Extra hardware costs
  • Costs of employing people to look after the network
  • Greater security risks
31
Q

What is a client network?

A

A client-server network allows you to access your files and emails from any authorised device. Clients connect to the network and the network connects to different servers (to where it gets the information from, e.g. web server for web pages)

32
Q

What is a Peer-to-Peer network?

A

A peer-to-peer network is when multiple devices connect to each other and share files, software or the internet bandwidth.

33
Q

What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

A

TCP packets are sent through error-free. Whilst UDP datagrams are sent with a few errors but at faster transfer speeds than TCP

34
Q

What is a socket?

A

A socket is a combination of the port number and an IP address

35
Q

What is an Ethernet frame?

A

An Ethernet frame is an encapsulated IP packet used to transmit data from the source of the data to the destination

36
Q

What is a router?

A

A router is used to connect networks together. An ISP tends to give people routers to access the wider internet.
Only allows input or output to flow at any 1 time

37
Q

What is a switch?

A

A switch will repeat a message to its intended destination. Accepts input and output flow at any same time.

38
Q

What is a hub?

A

A hub repeats a message to all connected devices. This may become quite inefficient since the message that was intended for 1 device has now been shared to other devices.

39
Q

What is a modem?

A

The modulator that allows the router to get internet access.

40
Q

What is a gateway?

A

A gateway is a device that is used to allow the transmission of data between different networks.

CS Yr 13 (3 decks)

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