Networks Flashcards
What is a computer Network?
A collection of computing devices/nodes connected in order to communicate and share resources. Connections between computing devices can be physical using wires or cables or wireless using radio waves or infrared signals.
What is a node (host)?
Any device on a network.
What is bandwidth?
The data transfer rate. The speed in which data is moved from one place to another on a network.
What is a protocol?
A set of rules that defines how data is formatted and processed on a network.
What is a file server?
A computer dedicated to storing and managing files for network users.
What is a web server?
A computer dedicated to responding to requests for web pages.
What is a peer-to-peer model?
A decentralized approach that shares resources and responsibilities among many “peer” computers.
What is a local area network (LAN)?
A networks that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area.
What is a ring topology?
All nodes are connected in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction.
What is a star topology?
Centres around one node to which all other are connected and through which all messages and requests are sent.
What is a bus topology?
Nodes are connected to a central cable that runs up and down a network.
What is a wide area network (WAN)?
A network that connects local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance.
What is a Metropolitan-area network (MAN)?
A network that connects computers in large city structures.
What is a gateway?
Allows entry points between two networks and focuses request and acts like security for a network.
What is the internet?
A wide area network that spans the planet.
What is a wireless network?
A network in which device communicate with other nodes through a wireless access point.
What is bluetooth?
A technology used for wireless communication over short distances.
What is an internet backbone?
A set of high-speed networks that carry internet traffic, provided by third party companies.
What is an internet service provider?
An organization providing access to the internet.
What is a packet?
A unit of data to be sent across a network.
What is a router?
A network device that directs a packet between networks toward its final destination.
What is packet switching?
Messages are divided in fixed-sized, numbered packets; packets are individually routed to their destination then reassembled.
What is a proprietary system?
A system that relies on software and technologies provided by a commercial vendor.
What is interoperability?
The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors to communicate.
What are open systems?
Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its implementation.
What is the OSI Reference Model?
A seven-layer logical break down of network interaction to facilitate communication standards.
What are the seven layers of the OSI Reference Model?
- Application
- Presentation
- Session
- Transport
- Network
- Data Link
- Physical
What is the Protocol Stack?
Refers to the structure of network protocols such that each one relies on the protocols that underlie it.
What is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Software that breaks messages into packets, hand them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their desitination.
What is the Internet Protocol (IP)?
Software that deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their final destination.
What is the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
An alternative to the TCP that is faster but less reliable.
What is Ping?
A program used to test whether a particular network computer is active and reachable.
What is a tracerroute?
A program that shows the route a packet takes across the internet.
What are some examples of high level protocols?
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Telnet
- Hyper Net Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
What is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?
Used to specify transfer of electronic mail.
What is the File Transfer Protocol?
Allows a user to transfer files to and from another computer.
What is telnet?
Used to log onto one computer from anoter.
What is Hyper Text Protocol?
Allows exchange of Web documents/Web Pages
What are firewalls?
A gateway machine and its software that protects a network by filtering the traffic it allows.
What is the Access Control Policy?
A set of rules established by an organization that specifies what types of network communication are permitted and denied, whitelisting and blacklisting.
What is a hostname?
A name made up of words separated by dots that uniquely identifies a computer on the internet.
What is an IP address?
An address made up of four one -byte numeric values separated by dots that uniquely identifies a computer on the internet.
What is IPv4?
An IP address that consists of 32 bits organized into 4 groups of 8 bits, represented as decimal and separated with a radix point, for example 148.78.250.12
What is IPv6?
An IP address consisting of 128 organized into 8 groups of 16 bits, represented as hexadecimal and separated with colons.
What is a host number?
The part of the IP address that specifies a particular host on the network>
What is the host name?
The name of a particular host withing a domain.
What is the domain name?
The part of a hostname that specifies a specific organization of group.
What is a Top Level Domain?
The last section of a domain name that specifies the type of organization or its country of origin.
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
A distributed system for managing hostname resolutions. It stores URLs along with their IP address.
What is the Domain Name Server?
A copmuter that attempts to translate a hostname into an IP address.
What is domain squatting?
Ransoming domain names.
What are examples of cloud computing?
- Public Clouds
- Private Clouds
- Community Clouds
- Hybrid Clouds
What are public clouds?
Cloud software accessible by any subscriber.
What are private clouds?
Cloud software established for a specific group or organization.
What are community clouds?
Cloud systems shard among two or more organizations with the same needs.
What are hybrid clouds?
Combinations of two or more cloud systems.
