NetworkLayerII

Question 1

What is IPv4?

Answer 1

The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, using 32-bit addresses.

Question 2

What fields are in an IPv4 datagram header?

Answer 2

Version, header length, type of service, total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, TTL, protocol, checksum, source IP, destination IP.

Question 3

What is fragmentation in IP?

Answer 3

Breaking down large IP datagrams into smaller fragments to fit into the MTU of a network.

Question 4

Where are IP fragments reassembled?

Answer 4

At the destination host.

Question 5

What does TTL (Time To Live) field prevent?

Answer 5

Prevents packets from circulating indefinitely by limiting the number of hops.

Question 6

What is CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)?

Answer 6

An addressing scheme that replaces class-based addressing to allow flexible allocation of IP addresses.

Question 7

How does a router forward packets?

Answer 7

By matching the destination IP address with the longest prefix match in its forwarding table.

Question 8

What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

Answer 8

IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and has a simplified, fixed-length header.

Question 9

What does a NAT (Network Address Translation) router do?

Answer 9

Translates private IP addresses to a public IP address.

Question 10

What problem does NAT help solve?

Answer 10

It helps alleviate the shortage of IPv4 addresses.