Networking test Flashcards
What is a UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
Cable used to connect devices to network, 4 pairs of wires that are twisted together
What is STP (shielded twisted pair
Network cabllin like UTP but has additional shielding to reduce elctromagnetic interference
What is fibre optic
Use light to transmit data over long distances at high speeds
Single vs Multi mode fibres
Single: Long distance up to 100gbps
Multi: Shorter distances at lower speeds for cheaper
Coaxial cable
central conductor surrounded by a shield and insulating layer, mostly used for cable tvs
2.4ghz
5ghz
6ghz
2.4 = good coverage but susceptible to interference
5 = high speeds, less interference, short range
6 = fastest but very low range
Modem
Converts signals from one device to another so other can read
Router
connects networks together and routes data between them
Switch
connects devices together and routes data between them
Gateway
connects local netweork to a larger network etc internet
WAP
wireless devices to connect to wired network
Firewall
Monitors income and outgoing traffic and blocks traffic
DOD TCP/IP MODEL
Application -> transport - > network -> network access layer
Application layer
Network services like HTTPS, HTTP
Transport layer
Reliable data transfer like TCP
Internet layer
addressing and rouiting of data packets accross network like IP
network interface layer
transmitting data packets over physical network etc ethernet
What is an IP address
unique numerical identifier assignerd to every device on a network using internet layer
IPV 4 IPV 6
IPV4 = 32 bit adress with 4.3 billions max address
IPV6 = 128 bit address with unlimited addresses
Subnet masks
Network = used to identify network
Host = used to identiyfy individual device on network
Subnet mask is a 32 bit value used to determine which part of IP is host and which is network
Factors that affect network performance
- Bandwith, network design, data collision
Bandwidth
Amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given amount of time
Ways to reduce data collision
Switches and routers by checking if trasnmitssion is in use
Excess broadcast traffic
Messages that are sent to all devices on a network
What is OSI
framework used to understand network interactions
OSI MODEL
Application –> Presentation –> Session–> Transport —-> network—-> data link—> physical layer
Header
Refers to a block of info attacked to data packets
Application layer
Enables access to network services for end user applications, e.g email for HTTP
Presentation layer
Transforms data to provide standard interface for application layer, encypts and compresses data aswell
Session layer
Manages communication sessions between applications
Transport layer
Reliable, transparent transfer of data. Manages error detection and recovery , TCP
Network layer
Manages device addressing for best path IP V4 and 6
Data link layer
Provides node to node data transfer e.g switch
Physical layer
Transmits raw bits over a physical medium e.g cables
Network topology
Layout of a network on how different nodes are connected
Star topology
Every node is conncted to a central hub which offers high perfomance
Mesh topology
Every node is connected to every other node which offers fault tolerance
Hybrid topology
Combines two or more different topologies to meet specific needs offers security and performance
