networking Part 1 Flashcards
Network Fundamentals ?
A computer network is any system of two or
more computers that are linked together
Node means : Each computer or networked peripherals on the network
What are the 3 essentials components of every computer network system ?
Hardware , Software and People
Types of Network ?
PAN ( Personal Area network) : A network used for communication between devices close to one person
Such as : Connecting a headphone
LAN ( Local Area Network) : Is a network were computers are physically close to each other
Such as : Home network
MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network) : Is a large network designed to provide a specific geographical area such as an entire city
WAN (Wide Area Network) :Extends over a large physical distance
The internet is the largest WAN
Each LAN site is a node on WAN
Bandwidth ( Network Speed) ?
Quantity of data transmitted per sec
Measured in Kilobits/sec, Mbps or Gbps
Depends on ? Transmission media like copper wire or fiber optic
or Amount of traffic on the network
Networking Components ?
Network Interface Card:
For each node on a network to communicate with other nodes
Routers:
Hardware devices or Software programs that route messages as they travel between networks
They are used to connect two or more networks together
Switches and Hubs : Allow any node on the network to communicate with any other
node
what are networking Models ?
Client/server model :
One or more computers act as dedicated servers and all the remaining computers act as clients ( slow) ( single point of failure)
Peer-to-peer model :
Every computer on the network is both client and server ( fast) ( no single point of failure)
Networking Software ?
NOS (Network Operating System):
It is a system that is available on servers and handles communication and requests from multiple clients
Communication Protocols :
Is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information ( Data exchange)
How does the internet work ?
By TCP/IP : The most famous protocol for computer networking
which controls the exchange of data between computers on the Internet
Information that transmitted over the internet is broken into smaller pieces called Packets
Such as : An email message
Making Connections and it’s types ?
Modem Connection (Dialup sound) :
Transmission through Telephone lines Conversion at both ends
Speed: up to 56.6 Kbps
Making Connections :
Broadband Connection : Greater bandwidth than modems
* Types :
DSL: (digital subscriber line) Uses standard Tel Lines
Cable modems: Uses fast TV cables
Satellite connection: Uses TV dishes
Optical Fiber: Sea cables
Wireless Networks ?
Is a computer network that uses wireless data
connections between network nodes
include:
Wireless Local Area Networks
Cell Phone/Mobile Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Technology Standards like :
Wi-Fi , Wi-Max , Bluetooth and 3G, 4G, 5G
Wireless Connections ?
Wi-Fi: Fastest growing Wireless technology standard
Uses radio waves to link computers to Wireless Access Point (WAP)
and allows Peer to peer communication
Is affected by :
Objects blocking the signals
Other wireless devices in the same air space
Wi-Max : Is new radio based technology
A single tower can provide access to 25 square mile area
Bluetooth : Is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances
Designed to quickly and automatically connect devices
like printers Cameras, to computers
It uses low power, low cost transmitters and receivers with a range of 10-100 meters
Wearable computing
Mobile phone Networks ?
Tethering:
It is a Cabling laptop to a mobile phone to get internet connection
Mobile Hotspot:
Tethering done over Wi-Fi where the internet-connected mobile device is acting as a portable Wireless Access Point
(WAP)
Securing Wireless Networks ?
Packets of information on a wireless network are broadcast through airwaves
Anyone with sufficient technical expertise can intercept these signals and decode your messages
Measures to help Secure your
communication ?
Setup a password for your wireless network Use encryption and wireless security protocols Such as :
WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy (Lowest protection)
WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access (Compatible with more devices)
WPA2: Wi-Fi Protected Access Version 2 (Most Secure)
