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CompTia Network+ > Networking Fundamentals - Objective 1 > Flashcards

Networking Fundamentals - Objective 1 Flashcards

OSI model, Network topologies & types, cables & connectors, IP addressing, protocols & ports, network services, corporate & datacenter architecture, cloud

1
Q

FDDI

A

A fiber ring topology that uses two counter-rotating rings for redundancy [on the N10-008 “ring” always means FDDI ring]

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2
Q

Formula for calculating the number of connections in a full-mesh network topology

A

x=n(n-1)/2

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3
Q

Multiplexing

A

Simultaneous use of baseband connection by more than one device

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4
Q

In which OSI layer do WAPs operate?

A

Layer 1

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5
Q

In which OSI layer do media converters operate?

A

Layer 1

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6
Q

In which OSI layers do NICs operate?

A

Layers 2 & 1

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7
Q

In which OSI layer do bridges operate?

A

Layer 2

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8
Q

3 things handled by the MAC sublayer

A
  • creating& addressing frames
  • checking the FCS
  • sending data to layer 1
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9
Q

3 things handled by the logical link control sublayer

A
  • communication with the OS via drivers
  • network protocols
  • flow control
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10
Q

H.323

A

Used to set up, maintain, & tear down a voice/video connection

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11
Q

What protocol does H.323 & H.264 operate under?

A

RTP Real Time Protocol

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12
Q

2 main functions of OSI layer 6

A
  • data formatting
  • encryption
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13
Q

2 main functions of OSI layer 7

A
  • Application services e.g. file transfer
  • Service advertisment
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14
Q

RST flag

A

Reset flag
Used when a client or server receives a packet that it was not expecting during the current connection

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15
Q

PSH flag

A

Push flag
Used to ensure that the data is given priority & is processed at the sending or receiving ends

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16
Q

URG flag

A

The urgent flag
Indicates data of the highest priority which should be immediately processed

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17
Q

EtherType Field

A

Indicates which protocol is encapsulated in the payload of the frame

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18
Q

What does the OSI application layer refer to?

A

The code (API) built into all operating systems that enables network-aware applications

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19
Q

2 major functions of the OSI transport layer

A

Segmentation & reassembly

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20
Q

SFTP full name and port number

A

SSH File Transfer Protocol
22

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21
Q

Protocol used to boot an OS from a LAN file server

A

TFTP

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22
Q

Active Directory port number

A

TCP 389

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23
Q

System Logging Protocol (Syslog)

What port number do servers listen on?

A

UDP 514

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24
Q

SMTP TLS
Port number

A

TCP 587

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25
Q

LDAPS
Port number

A

TCP 636

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26
Q

IMAP over SSL
Port number

A

TCP 993

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27
Q

POPv3 over SSL
Port number

A

TCP 995

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28
Q

SQL
Port number

A

TCP 1433

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29
Q

SQLnet Protocol function

A

Communication from client to an Oracle database

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30
Q

MySQL function

A

Communication from a client to the MySQL database engine

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31
Q

SQLnet Protocol
Port number

A

TCP 1521

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32
Q

MySQL
Port number

A

TCP 3306

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33
Q

RDP
Port number

A

TCP 3389

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34
Q

SIP
Port number

A

TCP or UDP
commonly:
5060 non-encrypted
5061 encrypted with TLS

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35
Q

Which coaxial cable is used to connect the ISP service to a home?

A

RG-6

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36
Q

Which coaxial cable is used to connect a wall cable to a cable modem

A

RG-59

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37
Q

MDIX

A

Medium Dependent Interface Crossover

An automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable connector

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38
Q

What is non-plenum cable also known as?

A

PVC

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39
Q

MTRJ

A

Mechanical transfer registered jack

The smallest fiber connector

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40
Q

APC

A

Angled Physical Contact Connector

Fiber cable end polished at an 8 degree angle making for less signal noise

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41
Q

UPC

A

Ultra Physical Contact Connector

Fiber cable end polished flat (no angle)

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42
Q

APC & UPC are used by which connectors, respectively?

A

SC & MTRJ

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43
Q

APC & UPC connectors are usually what colors, respectively?

A

Green & blue

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44
Q

Maximum number of channels supported by CWDM

A

18

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45
Q

Maximum speeds supported by Ethernet & fiber CWDM, respectively

A

10 & 16 Gbps

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46
Q

SFPs & QSFPs

A

Small Form Factor Pluggable
&
Quad Small Form Factor Pluggable

Optical module transceivers of different types operating at speeds from 4.2-200 Gbps

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47
Q

GBIC

A

Gigabit Interface Converter

Gigabit Ethernet transceiver used for copper or fiber

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48
Q

Range of first octet of a class A IP address

A

1-127

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49
Q

Range of first octet of a class B IP address

A

128-191

50
Q

Range of first octet of a class C IP address

A

192-223

51
Q

Range of first octet of a class D IP address

A

224-239

52
Q

Range of first octet of a class E IP address

A

240-255

53
Q

Private class A address range

A

10.0.0.0 -
10.255.255.255

54
Q

Private class B address range

A

172.16.0.0 -
172.31.255.255

55
Q

Private class C address range

A

192.168.0.0 -
192.168.255.255

56
Q

Loopback address range

A

127.0.0.0 -
127.255.255.255

57
Q

APIPA address range

A

169.254.0.0 -
169.254.255.255

58
Q

Steps of the DHCP 4-way handshake

A

Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledgement

59
Q

RFC 1918

A

Request for Comments 1918
Specifications for assigning private IP addresses

60
Q

SLAAC

A

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

How a system creates for itself an IPv6 link local address

Eliminates the need to obtain addresses or other configuration information from a central server

61
Q

How a IPv6 link-local address begins

A

FE80

62
Q

How a IPv6 multicast address begins

A

FF

63
Q

3 main benefits of IPv6 over IPv4

A
  • No broadcasts
  • No fragmentation
  • Simplified header
64
Q

Number of bits is a hexadecimal digit worth

A

4 bits

65
Q

Number of bits in an IPv6 address

A

128 bits

66
Q

NDP redirect function

A

Routers informing host of better first-hop routers

67
Q

NDP
Five main functions

A

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

  • Router solicitation and advertisement
  • Neighbor solicitation and advertisement
  • Redirect
68
Q

IP Class D purpose

A

Multicast

69
Q

DHCP Relay

A

Forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers 

70
Q

Situation in which DHCP relay is necessary

A

When the client device and the DHCP server are not located on the same subnet or network 

71
Q

IP Helper

A

Forwards several different kinds of UDP broadcasts across the router and can be used in conjunction with the DHCP relay

72
Q

Maximum number of NTP stratum levels

A

15 levels

73
Q

Physical makeup of cable modem networks

A

A cable television infrastructure that is a hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) distribution network

74
Q

DOCSIS

A

The standard that determines the frequencies used in cable modem networking

75
Q

Sizes of ATM header and payload

A

Five bites and 48 bites

76
Q

T1 max speed

A

1.544 Mbps

77
Q

T3 max speed

A

44.736 Mbps

78
Q

E1 max speed

A

2.048 Mbps

79
Q

E3 max speed

A

34.4 Mbps

80
Q

ATM max speed range

A

OC-3: 155 Mbps
up to
OC-12: 622 Mbps

81
Q

SONET max speeds

A

OC-1: 51.84 Mbps
up to
OC-3072: 159.25 Gbps

82
Q

mGRE

A

Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation

Enables one node to communicate with many other nodes.

Used on a router at a main office to facilitate multiple VPN connections

83
Q

VPN protocol usually paired with mGRE

A

DMVPN

84
Q

2 benefits of DMVPN

A
  • security
  • no need to statically configure all the VPN endpoints
85
Q

FC

A

Fibre Channel

Special purpose hardware providing 1-16 Gbps of storage area network speed

86
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network

Specialized LAN that transfers data at block-level with a special protocol

87
Q

FCoE

A

Fibre Channel Over Ethernet

Runs FC over Ethernet networks instead of specialized hardware

88
Q

iSCSI
$ cost & configuration

A

IP Small Computer System Interface

Lowers cost & relies on configuration that allows jumbo frames over the network

89
Q

Default & jumbo frame sizes

A

1500 & 9000 MTU

90
Q

InfiniBand:
- what it is
- 4 characteristics
- where it’s used

A

A virtualized storage technology

  • Switched fabric topology
  • Very high throughput
  • Very low latency
  • Expensive

Big datacenters

91
Q

Orchestration

A

The process of arranging or coordinating the installation & configuration of multiple systems

92
Q

4 protections provided by IPSec

A
  • CIA
  • Anti-Replay
93
Q

DNAT

A

Dynamic Address Translation

A type of NAT in which many computers can share a pool of routable IP addresses that number fewer than the computers

94
Q

SFP typical max speed

A

1 Gbps

95
Q

SFP+ typical max speed

A

10 Gbps

96
Q
A
97
Q

Type of fiber cable that has a yellow sheath

A

SMF

98
Q

Type of fiber cable that has an aqua blue or orange sheath

A

MMF

99
Q

CWDM
max number of channels & speeds

A

Coarse wavelength division multiplexing

  • 18
  • Ethernet: 10 Gbps
  • Fiber: 16 Gbps
100
Q

DWDM
max number of channels & speeds

A

Dense wavelength division multiplexing

  • 80
  • 8 Tbps (100 Gbps per channel)
101
Q

Baseline Configurations

A

Set of specifications for an information system, or a configuration item
within a system, that has been formally reviewed and agreed on
- Changes will be properly tested and approved to be part of the new
baseline

102
Q

A way to segment BYOD devices

A

Create a segmented network where devices can connect directly to the internet & then use cloud-hosted resources

103
Q

3 tiers of a 3-tier architecture

A
  1. Core
  2. Distribution
  3. Access
104
Q

Spine and Leaf Architecture
2 bullet points

A

Associated with top-of-rack switching where each leaf is a switch on top of a rack
- Each leaf connects to each spine switch
- Leaves do not connect to each other

105
Q

Advantages (3) and disadvantage (1) of spine and leaf architecture

A
  • Simple cabling
  • Redundant
  • Fast
  • Additional switches may be costly
106
Q

East-west traffic flow

A

Traffic between devices in the same data center

107
Q

North traffic flow

A

Data exiting the data center

108
Q

Resource pooling

A

Cloud providers serving multiple clients with provisional and scalable services

109
Q

Site-to-site vs. client-to-site VPN setup

A

Client-to-site requires client software to be installed & uses two concentrators.
Site-to-site requires a router to be configured.

110
Q

3 types of IPv6 addresses

A
  • Unicast
  • Multicast
  • Anycast
111
Q

Beginning of a globally routed IPv6 address

A

Any number from 2000 to 3999

111
Q

2 types of IPv6 unicast addresses

A
  • Globally routed
  • Link-local
112
Q

LDAP port number

A

TCP or UDP 389

113
Q

South traffic flow

A

Data entering the data center

114
Q

What a router will do with a packet it has no entry for in its routing table

A

Drop the packet

115
Q

ICMP

A

A set of communication rules that devices use to communicate data transmission errors in a network

116
Q

5 IP protocol types

A
  • ICMP
  • TCP
  • UDP
  • GRE
  • IPsec
117
Q

VIP

A

Virtual IP
An IP address that does not correspond to a single physical network interface

118
Q

Some things (6 things) an IPS can do

A
  • Send an alarm
  • Create correlation rules & remediation
  • Drop malicious packets
  • Provide malware protection
  • Reset the connection of offending source hosts
  • Close ports
119
Q

6 types of IPv6 tunneling

A
  • Manual
  • GRE
  • 6to4
  • Automatic 6to4
  • ISATAP
  • Teredo
120
Q

Benefits of spine-and-leaf over 3-tier

A
  • Scalability
  • Lower latency
  • Increased bandwidth
121
Q

What happens to data as it travels from Layer 7 to Layer 1 of the OSI model

A

Encapsulation

CompTia Network+ (5 decks)

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