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Network + > Networking concepts - 23% > Flashcards

Networking concepts - 23% Flashcards

1
Q

SSH - Secure Shell

A
  • Encrypted communication link - tcp/22

* Looks and acts the same as Telnet

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2
Q

DNS - Domain Name System

A
  • Converts names to IP addresses - udp/53

* www.professormesser.com = 162.159.246.164

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3
Q

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

A

Server to server email transfer - tcp/25
• Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server
• Commonly configured on mobile devices
and email clients
• Other protocols are used for clients to receive email
• IMAP, POP3

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4
Q

SFTP - Secure FTP

A

• Uses the SSH File Transfer Protocol - tcp/22
• Provides file system functionality
• Resuming interrupted transfers, directory listings,
remote file removal

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5
Q

FTP – File Transfer Protocol

A
  • tcp/20 (active mode data), tcp/21 (control)
  • Transfers files between systems
  • Authenticates with a username and password
  • Full-featured functionality (list, add, delete, etc.)
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6
Q

TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol

A
  • udp/69
  • Very simple file transfer application
  • Read files and write files
  • No authentication - Not used on production systems
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7
Q

Telnet

A

Telnet – Telecommunication Network - tcp/23
• Login to devices remotely
• Console access
• In-the-clear communication
• Not the best choice for production systems

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8
Q

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A

• udp/67, udp/68 - Requires a DHCP server

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9
Q

HTTP

HTTPS

A

HTTP 80

HTTPS 443

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10
Q

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol

A

udp/161

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11
Q

RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol

A

Share a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389

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12
Q

NTP - Network Time Protocol

A

Every device has its own clock - udp/123

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13
Q

SIP - Session Initiation Protocol

A

Voice over IP (VoIP) signaling

• tcp/5060 and tcp/5061

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14
Q

SMB - Server Message Block

A 
Protocol used by Microsoft Windows
• File sharing, printer sharing
• Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)
• Direct over tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less)
• Direct SMB communication over TCP
without the NetBIOS transport
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15
Q

POP/IMAP

A

POP/IMAP
• Receive emails from an email server
• Authenticate and transfer
• POP3 - Post office Protocol version 3 - tcp/110
• Basic mail transfer functionality
• IMAP4 - Internet Message Access Protocol v4 - tcp/143
• Manage email inbox from multiple clients

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16
Q

LDAP/LDAPS

A

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - tcp/389
• Store and retrieve information in a network directory
• LDAPS (LDAP Secure) - tcp/636
• A non-standard implementation of LDAP over SSL

17
Q

H.323

A

Voice over IP (VoIP) signaling - tcp/1720

• ITU Telecommunication H.32x protocol series

18
Q

Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

A
  • It’s a guide (thus the term “model”)
  • Don’t get wrapped up in the details
  • This is not the OSI protocol suite
  • Most of the OSI protocols didn’t catch on
  • There are unique protocols at every layer
  • You’ll refer to this model for the rest of your career
19
Q

Layer 1 - The Physical Layer

A 
The physics of the network
• Signaling, cabling, connectors
• This layer isn’t about protocols
• You have a physical layer problem.”
• Fix your cabling, punch-downs, etc.
• Run loopback tests, test/replace cables,
swap adapter cards
20
Q

Layer 2 - Data Link Layer

A 
• The basic network “language”
• The foundation of communication
at the data link layer
• Data Link Control (DLC) protocols
• MAC (Media Access Control) address on Ethernet
• The “switching” layer
21
Q

Layer 3 - The Network Layer

A

• The “routing” layer
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Fragments frames to traverse different networks
What is IP Fragmentation?
• Fragments are always in multiples of 8 because of the
number of fragmentation offset bits in the IP header

22
Q

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

A

• The “post office” layer
• Parcels and letters
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and
UDP (UserDatagram Protocol)

23
Q

Layer 5 - Session Layer

A

Communication management between devices
• Start, stop, restart
• Half-duplex, full-duplex
• Control protocols, tunneling protocols

24
Q

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

A

Character encoding
• Application encryption
• Often combined with the Application Layer

25
Q

Layer 7 - Application Layer

A

• The layer we see - HTTP, FTP, DNS, POP3

Network + (5 decks)

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